UAS Integration into Civil Airspace

Douglas M. Marshall, J.D., is the owner of TrueNorth Consulting LLC, a UAS support and service organization founded in 2007. He has served as an Adjunct Professor of Law, DePaul University College of Law, where he developed and delivered the first drone law course in an American law school. Previously, he was a division manager, UAS Regulations & Standards Development at the Physical Science Laboratory, New Mexico State University, and Professor of Aviation at the University of North Dakota. He is the co-editor of two books related to aviation, and is the author of numerous published articles on aviation law, regulations, and remotely piloted aircraft.

• Preface xiAerospace Series Preface xviiAcknowledgements xixList of Acronyms and Abbreviations xxi1 Background 1Introduction 1Setting the Stage for Integration of Remotely Piloted Aircraft into Non-segregated Airspace 2The Law of the Sea and the Law of the Air 2A Brief History of Aviation Regulations 3International Civil Aviation Regulations 4The Chicago Convention and the International Civil Aviation Organization 6Conclusion 9References 92 UAS Airspace Integration in the European Union 11Regulations, Opinions, Decisions 11Implementing Organizations 39Eurocontrol 60Conclusion 66References 663 ICAO 69ICAO Model UAS Regulations 69Advisory Circulars 70DRAFT Canada AC 922-001, RPAS Safety Assurance 71UTM Guidance 71ICAO RPAS Concept of Operations 75ICAO U-AID Guidance 80The ICAO UAS Toolkit 81RPAS Manual (Doc.) 10019 1st Edition 82Conclusion 86References 864 UAS Airspace Integration in the United States 87The FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Hereafter FMRA), Public Law 112-95, Title III – Safety, Subtitle B – Unmanned Aircraft Systems 88The FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 Title II, Subtitle B-UAS Safety (Pub. L. 114-190) 91The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Pub. L. 115-254) 92The Response from the FAA and NASA 96Status of UTM Today 104UTM Vision 104Participation 109Performance Authorizations 109Airspace Authorization 110Recent Developments in UAM/AAM 110Conclusion 111References 1115 Global Airspace Integration Activities 113Australia 113Brazil 115Canada 116China 117France 119Germany 120Ireland 121Italy 122Japan 123Mexico 124Netherlands 124New Zealand 125Norway 125Singapore 126South Africa 127Sweden 128United Kingdom 129Conclusion 130References 1316 The Role of Standards 133Conclusion 141References 1427 The Technology 143Conclusion 150References 1528 Cybersecurity and Cyber Resilience 153Describing the Threat 155ICAO 157IATF 157Global Resilient Aviation Network Concept of Operations – Trust Framework 162ICAO Council and Assembly Documents 166Declaration on Cybersecurity in Civil Aviation (Dubai, 2017) 166Conclusion 172References 173Index 175

The book is an excellent historical resource for anyone who wants to know how the current regulations and policies came to pass. And possibly also why we don’t have other rules enabling the industry. I believe that anyone in the commercial drone business and those in or contemplating Advanced Air Mobility and Urban Air Mobility (AAM/UAM) would benefit from reading this book. After reading, you will have an educated understanding of the future you are embarking on. --Patrick Egan, sUAS NewsThe book is easy to read, refreshingly so for such a complex subject and is accessible to all readers, even without a detailed technical knowledge. It is a useful reference for everyone in the industry, including regulators who will inevitably determine the pace of adoption of UAS in civil airspace. Most of the world’s aviation authorities, service providers and regulators have engaged in intense efforts since the early 2000s to establish methods and safety protocols to integrate UAS into complex and increasingly busy controlled and uncontrolled airspace. This book provides an excellent oversight of international progress, along with ICAO’s oversight and direction of co-ordinating rules and, in my view is the ‘go-to’ book for UAS operations and by far the best introduction on the subject available to date. --Richard Deakin, FRAeS, AEROSPACE