Mayank Pandey, PhD, works in the Department of Electronics, Kristu Jayanti College, Hennur, Bengaluru. He completed a PhD on ‘Preparation of polymer electrolyte for electrochemical device applications.’ He has an experimental background in synthesizing graphene quantum dots-based polymeric composites. Aside from his research, Pandey contributes to the development of new synthesis approaches in the field of nanocarbon derivatives. He has published more than 30 research articles in peer-reviewed high-impact journals.Kalim Deshmukh, PhD, is a Senior Researcher at the New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic. He has over 20 years of research experience working with a wide variety of nanomaterials, and polymeric materials, especially polymer blends, nanocomposites and nanohybrids for various applications. His research interest is mainly focused on the synthesis, characterization and investigations of the structure-property relationship of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with different nanofillers including various metal oxides, carbon allotropes and novel 2D nanomaterials for energy storage, EMI shielding, gas sensing and biomedical applications.Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD, is an adjunct professor and director of laboratories in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States. Dr. Hussain is the author of numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as a prolific author and editor of around 150 books, including scientific monographs and handbooks in his research areas.

• Preface xxiPart 1: Classifications, Synthesis Methods and Surface Modification of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials 11 Introduction to Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Discovery, Types and Classifications, Structure, Unique Properties, and Applications 3Ishrat Fatma, Humira Assad and Ashish Kumar1.1 Introduction 41.2 Types of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials or Particles 51.3 Examples of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials 71.4 Structural Modifications in 2D Nanomaterials 171.5 Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 211.6 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials 291.7 Conclusion 352 Synthesis Approaches, Designs, and Processing Methods of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 47Ramkishor Anant, Abhishek Tiwari, Suresh Sundaramurthy, Vaibhav Vijay and Gaurav Singh2.1 Introduction 482.2 Descriptions of Terms Associated with Nanomaterials 482.3 2D Nanomaterial Assembly and Nanostructure 502.4 Approaches for the Synthesis of 2-Dimensional Nanomaterials 502.5 Perspective and Conclusions 733 Enhancing 2D Nanomaterials via Surface Modifications 83Zahra Ranjbar, Sahar Foroughirad and Behnaz Ranjbar3.1 Introduction 843.2 Chemical Modifications 853.3 Physical Modifications 1023.4 Plasma Technique 1033.5 Challenges and Future Trends 1063.6 Conclusions 108Part 2: Properties and Characterizations of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials 1154 Spectroscopic and Microscopic Investigations of 2D Nanomaterials 117Rajan Kumar and Debojeet Sahu4.1 Introduction 1174.2 Spectroscopic Investigation of 2D Nanomaterials 1194.3 Microscopic Investigation of 2D Nanomaterials 1484.4 Conclusion 1585 Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 167Aditya D. S. and S. K. Nataraj5.1 Introduction 1675.2 Classification of 2D Materials 1695.3 Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 1695.5 Conclusion 1906 Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 195Alok Kumar and Ravi Shankar Rai6.1 Introduction 1956.2 Structures of 2D NMs 2016.3 Synthesis and Design of 2D NMs 2036.4 Characteristics of 2D NMs 2076.5 Role of Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of 2D NMs for Various Applications 226Part 3: Processing Methods and Properties of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2317 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Processing Methods, Properties, and Applications 233Siti Nur Fatin Zuikafly, Hafizal Yahaya, Mohd Haniff Ibrahim and Fauzan Ahmad7.1 Introduction 2337.2 Synthesis and Processing Methods of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Composites 2347.3 Properties of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2407.4 Applications of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2567.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 2718 Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 285Sabina Yeasmin and Debajyoti Mahanta8.1 Introduction 2858.2 Polymer Nanocomposites 2868.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 2878.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2898.5 Conclusion 3029 Thermal, Mechanical, and Viscoelastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 311Khadijeh Hooshyari, Mohammad Bagher Karimi, Parvaneh Kakavand, Mahshid Mohammadifar, Shahrzad Rahmani, Mahdi Tohidian and Seifollah Jamalpour9.1 Introduction 3119.2 Thermal Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3129.3 Mechanical Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3239.4 Viscoelastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3299.5 Conclusion and Outlook 333Part 4: Applications of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 34310 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 345Akhila Raman, Asok Aparna, Aathira U., A.S. Sethulekshmi and Appukuttan Saritha10.1 Introduction 34510.2 Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials/Polymer Nanocomposites 34710.3 Different Types of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 35010.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 35510.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 37010.6 Acknowledgment 37011 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries 377Jeevan Jyoti, Manjit Sandhu, Bhanu Pratap Singh and S.K. Tripathi11.1 Introduction 37811.2 Basic Concept of LIBs 38011.3 Cell Voltage 38611.4 Polymer-Based Flexible Electrodes 38711.5 Factors Affecting the Performance of Flexible Electrodes 38811.6 Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials 38911.7 Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials for LIBs 39011.8 Conclusions 40812 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Solar Energy Applications 419Mahmoud H. Abu Elella, Laila Saad and Moshera Samy12.1 Introduction 41912.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 42012.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 45313 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications 465Seifollah Jamalpour, Amirsaeed Shamsabadi, Kosar Arab, Mahdi Tohidian, Yousef Tamsilian, Khadijeh Hooshyari and Shahrzad Rahmani13.1 Introduction to Fuel Cell Technology 46613.2 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 46713.3 Nanocomposite PEMs Based on 2D Nanofillers 47313.4 Membrane Preparation Techniques 49413.5 Characterization Techniques 49613.6 Conclusions and Outlooks 50014 High-k Dielectrics Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Filled Polymer Nanocomposites 509Mohamed Nawas Vengoli, Lishin T., Aparna Thankappan and Sabu Thomas14.1 Introduction 51014.2 2D Dielectric Nanomaterials 51214.3 Factors Affecting the Properties of High-k Polymer Nanocomposites with 2D Fillers 52414.4 Application of High-k Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites 52914.5 Dielectric Performance of Various 2D Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 53015 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications 541Dilip Kumar Kar, Smrutirekha Mishra, Priti Sunder Mohanty and Satyabrata Si15.1 Introduction 54115.2 Characteristics of 2D Nanomaterials 54315.3 Synthesis and Fabrication of 2D Materials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 54615.4 Catalysis and/or Photocatalysis of 2D Materials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 55015.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective 57016 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications 579Swapnita Patra, Krishna Manjari Sahu, Shuvendu Shuvankar Purohit and Sarat K. Swain16.1 Introduction 57916.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 58216.3 Biomedical Applications of 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 59516.4 Conclusions 60017 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 609Saleheh Shahmoradi, Mojdeh Mirshafiei, Iman Zare, Morvarid Koohkhezri, Hanna Madadi Gholipour, Fatemeh Yazdian and Ebrahim Mostafavi17.1 Introduction 61117.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 61217.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 63818 Antibacterial and Drug Delivery Applications of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 649Krishna Manjari Sahu, Shuvendu Shuvankar Purohit and Sarat K. Swain18.1 Introduction 64918.2 Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65118.3 Graphene Nanosheet-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65418.4 MXene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65518.5 Nanoclay-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65718.6 LDH-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65918.7 Black Phosphorus-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66218.8 Boron Nitride-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66418.9 g-C3N4-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66518.10 TMD-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66718.11 MOF-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66818.12 COF-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 67018.13 Concluding Remarks 67219 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Liquid and Gas Separation 681Diksha Yadav , Sachin Karki, Moucham Borpatra Gohain and Pravin G. Ingole19.1 Introduction 68119.2 2D Nanomaterials 68319.3 Classification of 2D Nanomaterial 68519.4 Development of Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes 68819.5 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes 69619.6 Future Directions 70419.7 Conclusion 70420 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Gas and Volatile Organic Compound Sensing 713Raghav G. R., Sreejesh Moolayadukkam, Neethu Rose Thomas and Gibin George20.1 Introduction 71420.2 Preparation of Polymer Composite Films for Sensing 71520.3 Principles of Gas Sensing 71620.4 Evaluation of Gas Sensing Devices 71820.5 Development of Polymer-Based VOCs/Gas Sensors 71820.6 Conclusions 73521 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Protective Anticorrosive Coatings 743Houra Pezeshk-Fallah, Seyedeh Zahra Haeri, Mohammad Ramezanzadeh and Bahram Ramezanzadeh21.1 Introduction 74421.2 Polymeric Coatings: Concepts and Formulation 74421.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 74621.4 Industrial Applications 77621.5 Conclusion and Future Trends 777References 778Index 797

Mayank Pandey, PhD, works in the Department of Electronics, Kristu Jayanti College, Hennur, Bengaluru. He completed a PhD on ‘Preparation of polymer electrolyte for electrochemical device applications.’ He has an experimental background in synthesizing graphene quantum dots-based polymeric composites. Aside from his research, Pandey contributes to the development of new synthesis approaches in the field of nanocarbon derivatives. He has published more than 30 research articles in peer-reviewed high-impact journals.Kalim Deshmukh, PhD, is a Senior Researcher at the New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic. He has over 20 years of research experience working with a wide variety of nanomaterials, and polymeric materials, especially polymer blends, nanocomposites and nanohybrids for various applications. His research interest is mainly focused on the synthesis, characterization and investigations of the structure-property relationship of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with different nanofillers including various metal oxides, carbon allotropes and novel 2D nanomaterials for energy storage, EMI shielding, gas sensing and biomedical applications.Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD, is an adjunct professor and director of laboratories in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States. Dr. Hussain is the author of numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as a prolific author and editor of around 150 books, including scientific monographs and handbooks in his research areas.

• Preface xxiPart 1: Classifications, Synthesis Methods and Surface Modification of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials 11 Introduction to Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Discovery, Types and Classifications, Structure, Unique Properties, and Applications 3Ishrat Fatma, Humira Assad and Ashish Kumar1.1 Introduction 41.2 Types of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials or Particles 51.3 Examples of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials 71.4 Structural Modifications in 2D Nanomaterials 171.5 Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 211.6 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials 291.7 Conclusion 352 Synthesis Approaches, Designs, and Processing Methods of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 47Ramkishor Anant, Abhishek Tiwari, Suresh Sundaramurthy, Vaibhav Vijay and Gaurav Singh2.1 Introduction 482.2 Descriptions of Terms Associated with Nanomaterials 482.3 2D Nanomaterial Assembly and Nanostructure 502.4 Approaches for the Synthesis of 2-Dimensional Nanomaterials 502.5 Perspective and Conclusions 733 Enhancing 2D Nanomaterials via Surface Modifications 83Zahra Ranjbar, Sahar Foroughirad and Behnaz Ranjbar3.1 Introduction 843.2 Chemical Modifications 853.3 Physical Modifications 1023.4 Plasma Technique 1033.5 Challenges and Future Trends 1063.6 Conclusions 108Part 2: Properties and Characterizations of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials 1154 Spectroscopic and Microscopic Investigations of 2D Nanomaterials 117Rajan Kumar and Debojeet Sahu4.1 Introduction 1174.2 Spectroscopic Investigation of 2D Nanomaterials 1194.3 Microscopic Investigation of 2D Nanomaterials 1484.4 Conclusion 1585 Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 167Aditya D. S. and S. K. Nataraj5.1 Introduction 1675.2 Classification of 2D Materials 1695.3 Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 1695.5 Conclusion 1906 Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 195Alok Kumar and Ravi Shankar Rai6.1 Introduction 1956.2 Structures of 2D NMs 2016.3 Synthesis and Design of 2D NMs 2036.4 Characteristics of 2D NMs 2076.5 Role of Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of 2D NMs for Various Applications 226Part 3: Processing Methods and Properties of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2317 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Processing Methods, Properties, and Applications 233Siti Nur Fatin Zuikafly, Hafizal Yahaya, Mohd Haniff Ibrahim and Fauzan Ahmad7.1 Introduction 2337.2 Synthesis and Processing Methods of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Composites 2347.3 Properties of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2407.4 Applications of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2567.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 2718 Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 285Sabina Yeasmin and Debajyoti Mahanta8.1 Introduction 2858.2 Polymer Nanocomposites 2868.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 2878.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2898.5 Conclusion 3029 Thermal, Mechanical, and Viscoelastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 311Khadijeh Hooshyari, Mohammad Bagher Karimi, Parvaneh Kakavand, Mahshid Mohammadifar, Shahrzad Rahmani, Mahdi Tohidian and Seifollah Jamalpour9.1 Introduction 3119.2 Thermal Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3129.3 Mechanical Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3239.4 Viscoelastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3299.5 Conclusion and Outlook 333Part 4: Applications of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 34310 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 345Akhila Raman, Asok Aparna, Aathira U., A.S. Sethulekshmi and Appukuttan Saritha10.1 Introduction 34510.2 Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials/Polymer Nanocomposites 34710.3 Different Types of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 35010.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 35510.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 37010.6 Acknowledgment 37011 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries 377Jeevan Jyoti, Manjit Sandhu, Bhanu Pratap Singh and S.K. Tripathi11.1 Introduction 37811.2 Basic Concept of LIBs 38011.3 Cell Voltage 38611.4 Polymer-Based Flexible Electrodes 38711.5 Factors Affecting the Performance of Flexible Electrodes 38811.6 Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials 38911.7 Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials for LIBs 39011.8 Conclusions 40812 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Solar Energy Applications 419Mahmoud H. Abu Elella, Laila Saad and Moshera Samy12.1 Introduction 41912.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 42012.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 45313 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications 465Seifollah Jamalpour, Amirsaeed Shamsabadi, Kosar Arab, Mahdi Tohidian, Yousef Tamsilian, Khadijeh Hooshyari and Shahrzad Rahmani13.1 Introduction to Fuel Cell Technology 46613.2 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 46713.3 Nanocomposite PEMs Based on 2D Nanofillers 47313.4 Membrane Preparation Techniques 49413.5 Characterization Techniques 49613.6 Conclusions and Outlooks 50014 High-k Dielectrics Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Filled Polymer Nanocomposites 509Mohamed Nawas Vengoli, Lishin T., Aparna Thankappan and Sabu Thomas14.1 Introduction 51014.2 2D Dielectric Nanomaterials 51214.3 Factors Affecting the Properties of High-k Polymer Nanocomposites with 2D Fillers 52414.4 Application of High-k Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites 52914.5 Dielectric Performance of Various 2D Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 53015 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications 541Dilip Kumar Kar, Smrutirekha Mishra, Priti Sunder Mohanty and Satyabrata Si15.1 Introduction 54115.2 Characteristics of 2D Nanomaterials 54315.3 Synthesis and Fabrication of 2D Materials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 54615.4 Catalysis and/or Photocatalysis of 2D Materials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 55015.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective 57016 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications 579Swapnita Patra, Krishna Manjari Sahu, Shuvendu Shuvankar Purohit and Sarat K. Swain16.1 Introduction 57916.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 58216.3 Biomedical Applications of 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 59516.4 Conclusions 60017 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 609Saleheh Shahmoradi, Mojdeh Mirshafiei, Iman Zare, Morvarid Koohkhezri, Hanna Madadi Gholipour, Fatemeh Yazdian and Ebrahim Mostafavi17.1 Introduction 61117.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 61217.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 63818 Antibacterial and Drug Delivery Applications of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 649Krishna Manjari Sahu, Shuvendu Shuvankar Purohit and Sarat K. Swain18.1 Introduction 64918.2 Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65118.3 Graphene Nanosheet-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65418.4 MXene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65518.5 Nanoclay-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65718.6 LDH-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65918.7 Black Phosphorus-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66218.8 Boron Nitride-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66418.9 g-C3N4-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66518.10 TMD-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66718.11 MOF-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66818.12 COF-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 67018.13 Concluding Remarks 67219 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Liquid and Gas Separation 681Diksha Yadav , Sachin Karki, Moucham Borpatra Gohain and Pravin G. Ingole19.1 Introduction 68119.2 2D Nanomaterials 68319.3 Classification of 2D Nanomaterial 68519.4 Development of Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes 68819.5 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes 69619.6 Future Directions 70419.7 Conclusion 70420 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Gas and Volatile Organic Compound Sensing 713Raghav G. R., Sreejesh Moolayadukkam, Neethu Rose Thomas and Gibin George20.1 Introduction 71420.2 Preparation of Polymer Composite Films for Sensing 71520.3 Principles of Gas Sensing 71620.4 Evaluation of Gas Sensing Devices 71820.5 Development of Polymer-Based VOCs/Gas Sensors 71820.6 Conclusions 73521 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Protective Anticorrosive Coatings 743Houra Pezeshk-Fallah, Seyedeh Zahra Haeri, Mohammad Ramezanzadeh and Bahram Ramezanzadeh21.1 Introduction 74421.2 Polymeric Coatings: Concepts and Formulation 74421.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 74621.4 Industrial Applications 77621.5 Conclusion and Future Trends 777References 778Index 797

Mayank Pandey, PhD, works in the Department of Electronics, Kristu Jayanti College, Hennur, Bengaluru. He completed a PhD on ‘Preparation of polymer electrolyte for electrochemical device applications.’ He has an experimental background in synthesizing graphene quantum dots-based polymeric composites. Aside from his research, Pandey contributes to the development of new synthesis approaches in the field of nanocarbon derivatives. He has published more than 30 research articles in peer-reviewed high-impact journals.Kalim Deshmukh, PhD, is a Senior Researcher at the New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic. He has over 20 years of research experience working with a wide variety of nanomaterials, and polymeric materials, especially polymer blends, nanocomposites and nanohybrids for various applications. His research interest is mainly focused on the synthesis, characterization and investigations of the structure-property relationship of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with different nanofillers including various metal oxides, carbon allotropes and novel 2D nanomaterials for energy storage, EMI shielding, gas sensing and biomedical applications.Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD, is an adjunct professor and director of laboratories in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States. Dr. Hussain is the author of numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as a prolific author and editor of around 150 books, including scientific monographs and handbooks in his research areas.

• Preface xxiPart 1: Classifications, Synthesis Methods and Surface Modification of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials 11 Introduction to Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Discovery, Types and Classifications, Structure, Unique Properties, and Applications 3Ishrat Fatma, Humira Assad and Ashish Kumar1.1 Introduction 41.2 Types of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials or Particles 51.3 Examples of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials 71.4 Structural Modifications in 2D Nanomaterials 171.5 Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 211.6 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials 291.7 Conclusion 352 Synthesis Approaches, Designs, and Processing Methods of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 47Ramkishor Anant, Abhishek Tiwari, Suresh Sundaramurthy, Vaibhav Vijay and Gaurav Singh2.1 Introduction 482.2 Descriptions of Terms Associated with Nanomaterials 482.3 2D Nanomaterial Assembly and Nanostructure 502.4 Approaches for the Synthesis of 2-Dimensional Nanomaterials 502.5 Perspective and Conclusions 733 Enhancing 2D Nanomaterials via Surface Modifications 83Zahra Ranjbar, Sahar Foroughirad and Behnaz Ranjbar3.1 Introduction 843.2 Chemical Modifications 853.3 Physical Modifications 1023.4 Plasma Technique 1033.5 Challenges and Future Trends 1063.6 Conclusions 108Part 2: Properties and Characterizations of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials 1154 Spectroscopic and Microscopic Investigations of 2D Nanomaterials 117Rajan Kumar and Debojeet Sahu4.1 Introduction 1174.2 Spectroscopic Investigation of 2D Nanomaterials 1194.3 Microscopic Investigation of 2D Nanomaterials 1484.4 Conclusion 1585 Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 167Aditya D. S. and S. K. Nataraj5.1 Introduction 1675.2 Classification of 2D Materials 1695.3 Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 1695.5 Conclusion 1906 Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 195Alok Kumar and Ravi Shankar Rai6.1 Introduction 1956.2 Structures of 2D NMs 2016.3 Synthesis and Design of 2D NMs 2036.4 Characteristics of 2D NMs 2076.5 Role of Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of 2D NMs for Various Applications 226Part 3: Processing Methods and Properties of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2317 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Processing Methods, Properties, and Applications 233Siti Nur Fatin Zuikafly, Hafizal Yahaya, Mohd Haniff Ibrahim and Fauzan Ahmad7.1 Introduction 2337.2 Synthesis and Processing Methods of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Composites 2347.3 Properties of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2407.4 Applications of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2567.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 2718 Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 285Sabina Yeasmin and Debajyoti Mahanta8.1 Introduction 2858.2 Polymer Nanocomposites 2868.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 2878.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 2898.5 Conclusion 3029 Thermal, Mechanical, and Viscoelastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 311Khadijeh Hooshyari, Mohammad Bagher Karimi, Parvaneh Kakavand, Mahshid Mohammadifar, Shahrzad Rahmani, Mahdi Tohidian and Seifollah Jamalpour9.1 Introduction 3119.2 Thermal Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3129.3 Mechanical Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3239.4 Viscoelastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 3299.5 Conclusion and Outlook 333Part 4: Applications of Two Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 34310 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 345Akhila Raman, Asok Aparna, Aathira U., A.S. Sethulekshmi and Appukuttan Saritha10.1 Introduction 34510.2 Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials/Polymer Nanocomposites 34710.3 Different Types of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 35010.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 35510.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 37010.6 Acknowledgment 37011 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries 377Jeevan Jyoti, Manjit Sandhu, Bhanu Pratap Singh and S.K. Tripathi11.1 Introduction 37811.2 Basic Concept of LIBs 38011.3 Cell Voltage 38611.4 Polymer-Based Flexible Electrodes 38711.5 Factors Affecting the Performance of Flexible Electrodes 38811.6 Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials 38911.7 Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials for LIBs 39011.8 Conclusions 40812 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Solar Energy Applications 419Mahmoud H. Abu Elella, Laila Saad and Moshera Samy12.1 Introduction 41912.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 42012.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 45313 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications 465Seifollah Jamalpour, Amirsaeed Shamsabadi, Kosar Arab, Mahdi Tohidian, Yousef Tamsilian, Khadijeh Hooshyari and Shahrzad Rahmani13.1 Introduction to Fuel Cell Technology 46613.2 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 46713.3 Nanocomposite PEMs Based on 2D Nanofillers 47313.4 Membrane Preparation Techniques 49413.5 Characterization Techniques 49613.6 Conclusions and Outlooks 50014 High-k Dielectrics Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Filled Polymer Nanocomposites 509Mohamed Nawas Vengoli, Lishin T., Aparna Thankappan and Sabu Thomas14.1 Introduction 51014.2 2D Dielectric Nanomaterials 51214.3 Factors Affecting the Properties of High-k Polymer Nanocomposites with 2D Fillers 52414.4 Application of High-k Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites 52914.5 Dielectric Performance of Various 2D Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 53015 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications 541Dilip Kumar Kar, Smrutirekha Mishra, Priti Sunder Mohanty and Satyabrata Si15.1 Introduction 54115.2 Characteristics of 2D Nanomaterials 54315.3 Synthesis and Fabrication of 2D Materials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 54615.4 Catalysis and/or Photocatalysis of 2D Materials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 55015.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective 57016 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications 579Swapnita Patra, Krishna Manjari Sahu, Shuvendu Shuvankar Purohit and Sarat K. Swain16.1 Introduction 57916.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 58216.3 Biomedical Applications of 2D Nanomaterials-Based PNCs 59516.4 Conclusions 60017 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 609Saleheh Shahmoradi, Mojdeh Mirshafiei, Iman Zare, Morvarid Koohkhezri, Hanna Madadi Gholipour, Fatemeh Yazdian and Ebrahim Mostafavi17.1 Introduction 61117.2 2D Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering Applications 61217.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 63818 Antibacterial and Drug Delivery Applications of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 649Krishna Manjari Sahu, Shuvendu Shuvankar Purohit and Sarat K. Swain18.1 Introduction 64918.2 Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65118.3 Graphene Nanosheet-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65418.4 MXene-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65518.5 Nanoclay-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65718.6 LDH-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 65918.7 Black Phosphorus-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66218.8 Boron Nitride-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66418.9 g-C3N4-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66518.10 TMD-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66718.11 MOF-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 66818.12 COF-Based Polymer Nanocomposite 67018.13 Concluding Remarks 67219 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Liquid and Gas Separation 681Diksha Yadav , Sachin Karki, Moucham Borpatra Gohain and Pravin G. Ingole19.1 Introduction 68119.2 2D Nanomaterials 68319.3 Classification of 2D Nanomaterial 68519.4 Development of Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes 68819.5 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes 69619.6 Future Directions 70419.7 Conclusion 70420 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Gas and Volatile Organic Compound Sensing 713Raghav G. R., Sreejesh Moolayadukkam, Neethu Rose Thomas and Gibin George20.1 Introduction 71420.2 Preparation of Polymer Composite Films for Sensing 71520.3 Principles of Gas Sensing 71620.4 Evaluation of Gas Sensing Devices 71820.5 Development of Polymer-Based VOCs/Gas Sensors 71820.6 Conclusions 73521 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Protective Anticorrosive Coatings 743Houra Pezeshk-Fallah, Seyedeh Zahra Haeri, Mohammad Ramezanzadeh and Bahram Ramezanzadeh21.1 Introduction 74421.2 Polymeric Coatings: Concepts and Formulation 74421.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 74621.4 Industrial Applications 77621.5 Conclusion and Future Trends 777References 778Index 797