Trials of Convergence

Arthur van Riel is senior research fellow at the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy. His earlier books and papers covered Dutch early modern and 19th century economic history and the political economy of the Weimar Republic. He has also published on a variety of policy issues, among which the European Monetary Union and the evolution of money, banking and private debt.

• PrefaceList of Figures and TablesOutline ChronologyNote on Methodology and the Database1 Introduction1 Accounting for Dutch Nineteenth Century Development2 The Debate: from Backwardness to Balanced Growth3 Prices, Markets and Industrialization4 The Structure of This Book2 Dutch Prices and Growth Across Industrialization1 The Post-Napoleonic Perspective2 The Legacy of the Republic3 A Broad View of Nineteenth Century Prices4 Prices as Deflators: The Chronology of Growth and Trade5 Structural Change and the Pattern of Development3 Prices and Structural Response in Agriculture1 The Issues: Agriculture and Industrialization2 The Context: The Historiography of Agricultural Development3 Prices as Deflators: The Outline of Agricultural Growth4 Factor Inputs and Productivity Growth5 Agricultural Output Prices Reconsidered6 Input Prices and Factor Costs7 Composite Costs and Structural ResponseAnnex 3 Supplementing agricultural labor force estimates4 Prices and Industrial Development1 Shifting Perceptions of Industrial Growth2 Capturing the Debate3 Prices as Deflators: The Outline of Industrial Growth4 A Sectoral View of Industrial Development4.1 1813–1830: Postwar Recovery4.2 1830–1860: Stimulation and Slowdown4.3 1860–1913: Three Phases of Growth5 Sources of Industrial Growth6 Output Prices and Input Costs6.1 Output Prices6.2 Input Costs7 Factor Costs and the Dualistic TransitionAnnex 4 Supplementing nonagricultural labor force estimates5 Comparative Costs and Domestic Integration1 The Comparative Cost Hypothesis2 Domestic Integration and Retarded Growth3 How Wide Were International Price Gaps?4 Industrial Inputs and Domestic Integration6 Wage Gaps and the Labor Market Equilibrium1 The Labor Market Debate: Data and Issues2 Regional and Comparative Wage Gaps3 Dualism and the Labor Market Equilibrium3.1 Measuring Shifts in Labor Demand3.2 Natural Increase and Disamenities: Urban and Rural Demographics3.3 Migration and the Dynamics of Labor Supply4 Wage Gaps, Poor Relief and the Urban Crisis7 Prices, Markets and Fiscal Policy1 The Dutch Debt Overhang and Economic Retardation2 The Post-Napoleonic Sustainability Trap3 Capital Markets: Public Debt and Crowding-out3.1 Openness and Early Intermediation3.2 Rates of Interest and the Public Debt3.3 Searching for Crowding-out Effects4 Taxation and Consumer Demand5 Industrialization and the Fuel Excise6 Regulation, Market Integration and Production7 Dutch Retardation as a Confluence of ForcesAnnex 7.1 The Effective Excise on Coal and PeatAnnex 7.2 The Estimated Consumption Function for Coal8 The Mechanisms of Post-1860 Growth1 Faster Growth in a Changing World2 Macroeconomic Development3 Sectoral Dynamics3.1 Growth and Spillovers in Services3.2 Industrial Slowdown and Resurgence4 Structural Change in Investment4.1 Outcomes: the Growth and Structure of Investment4.2 Finance and the Evolution of the Capital Market4.3 Accounting for Nonresidential Investment5 The Role of Foreign Trade6 Real Wages and Household Consumption6.1 Real Wages and Living Standards6.2 Household Expenditure and Propensities of Demand7 From Industrial Catch-up to Diversified GrowthConclusionSources and ReferencesIndex