Transflective Liquid Crystal Displays

Zhibing Ge, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, USADr Ge joined the College of Optics and Photonics at the University of Central Florida in 2008 as a research scientist. His research interests include liquid crystal displays and laser beam steering technologies. Dr. Ge is a member of the IEEE and SID. He is a recipient of the 2006 IEEE LEOS Graduate Student Fellowship Award, 2007 Otto Lehmann Award and 2007 UCF Outstanding Dissertation Award. Dr Ge serves as an associate editor for Journal of Society for Information Display (JSID) on the LCD division. He has published 1 book chapter, over 20 journal papers and has 12 issued or pending patents. Shin-Tson Wu, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, USACurrently PREP Professor of Optics at the University of Central Florida. Professor Wu is a Fellow of the IEEE, OSA, SID and SPIE. He is a recipient of the SPIE G. G. Stokes Award, SID Jan Rajchman Prize, UCF Distinguished Researcher Award, IEEE Outstanding Engineer Award, SID Special Recognition Award, ERSO (Taiwan) Special Achievement Award and Hughes team achievement award. From 2004-2008, Professor Wu served as the founding Editor-In-Chief of the IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology. He has co-authored 5 books (4 with Wiley, 1 with world scientific press), 6 book chapters, over 300 journal papers and has more than 75 issued and pending patents. Several of his patents have been implemented in display and photonic devices.

• Series Editor’s Foreword ixAbout the Authors xiPreface xiii1 Device Concept of Transflective Liquid Crystal Displays 11.1 Overview 11.2 Polarizers 61.2.1 Linear Polarizers 61.2.2 Circular Polarizers 81.3 LC Alignment 131.3.1 Twisted Nematic (TN) Mode 131.3.2 Homogeneous Alignment Mode 191.3.3 In-plane Switching (IPS) Mode 201.3.4 Vertical Alignment (VA) Mode 261.3.5 Hybrid Aligned Nematic (HAN) Mode 281.3.6 Pi-cell or Optically Compensated Bend (OCB) Alignment Mode 291.4 Compensation Films 311.4.1 Deviation of Effective Polarizer Angle 311.4.2 Phase Retardation from Uniaxial Medium 331.4.3 Uniaxial and Biaxial Films 351.5 Reflectors 371.5.1 Parallax and Ambient Contrast Ratio 371.5.2 Reflector Designs 401.6 Backlight 431.6.1 Backlight Configuration 431.6.2 CCFL and LED Light Sources 441.6.3 Other Backlight Elements and Films 481.7 Summary 54References 542 Device Physics and Modeling 592.1 Overview 592.2 Modeling of LC Directors 602.2.1 Free Energy of Liquid Crystal Devices 602.2.2 LC Simulation Flow Chart 642.3 Modeling of LC Optics 692.3.1 4 4 Matrix Method 692.3.2 2 2 Extended Jones Matrix Method 752.3.3 Numerical Examples 772.4 Device Physics of Transflective LCDs 822.4.1 Transflective LCDs Using Dual Cell Gaps 822.4.2 Transflective LCDs Using Dual Gamma Curves 872.4.3 Transflective LCDs Using Dual Electric Fields 892.4.4 Transflective LCDs Using Dual Alignment 962.5 Summary 100Appendix 2.a 101References 1043 Light Polarization and Wide Viewing Angle 1093.1 Poincaré Sphere for Light Polarization in LCDs 1093.2 Compensation of Linear Polarizers 1123.2.1 Deviation of the Effective Angle of Crossed Linear Polarizers 1123.2.2 Compensation of Linear Polarizers using Uniaxial Films 1133.2.3 Compensation of Linear Polarizers using Biaxial Films 1173.3 Compensation of Circular Polarizers 1223.3.1 Broadband and Wide-view Circular Polarizers 1223.3.2 Narrow-band and Wide-view Circular Polarizers 1323.4 Summary 143References 1444 Wide-view Transflective LCDs 1474.1 Overview 1474.2 Transflective LCD Using MVA Mode 1484.2.1 MVA Technology Overview 1484.2.2 Mobile MVA Technology 1554.3 Transflective LCD Using IPS Mode 1574.3.1 IPS and FFS Technology Overview 1574.3.2 Transflective IPS and FFS Technology 1664.4 Summary 181References 1825 Color Sequential Mobile LCDs 1895.1 Overview 1895.2 Color Sequential Driving Schemes 1905.3 Fast-response LC Modes 1935.3.1 Thin Cells with High Birefringence LC Material 1935.3.2 Bend Cells 1945.4 Fast-response Transflective LCDs 1995.4.1 Conventional Transflective LCDs Using OCB Modes 1995.4.2 Color Sequential Transflective LCDs 2035.5 Summary 208References 2096 Technological Perspective 2136.1 Unique Role of Transflective LCDs 2136.2 Emerging Touch Panel Technology 2186.3 Summary 224References 225Index 227

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