This book reviews the current practices of traditional musics in various cultures of all continents, and examines the impact and significance of traditional musics in the modern world. A diverse group of experts of musicology and music education collaborate to expose the current practices and challenges of transmission and evolution of traditional musics in order to seek sustainable development, so that traditional musics can take the place they deserve in the modern world and continue to contribute to human civilization.This volume contains three main sections that include transmission of traditional musics, authenticity and evolution, as well as challenges in future. Based on the chapters, the editor proposes four major trends of transmission of traditional musics, namely, formalization, politicization, Westernization and modernization in transforming contexts.