Alexei Kireyev is a senior economist at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the former IMF representative to the WTO. He has led advanced IMF missions to member countries, provided advice on macroeconomic policies to countries with IMF-supported programmes, and authored numerous publications on international economics. Chiedu Osakwe is Trade Advisor and Chief Negotiator for Nigeria while he is on special leave from the WTO. In the WTO, he has served as director of various divisions for many years, including most recently as Director of the Accessions Division.

• 1. Making trade multilateralism work for all: the role of WTO accessions Alexei Kireyev and Chiedu Osakwe; Part I. WTO Accessions And The New Trade Multilateralism: 2. The WTO and the changing state of the global economy Alexei Kireyev; 3. The art and science of negotiation: de-politicizing and technicizing negotiations Micheline Calmy-Rey and Svenja Rauch; 4. The accession of Kazakhstan: dealing with complexity Alexei Kireyev, Chiedu Osakwe and Anna Varyanik; 5. Helping businesses navigate WTO accession Arancha González; 6. WTO rules, accession protocols and mega-regionals – complementarity and governance in the rules-based global economy Maša Lekić and Chiedu Osakwe; 7. Promoting good governance: from encouraging a principle to taking concrete action – examples from WTO accession protocols and the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement Juneyoung Lee, Nora Neufeld and Anna Varyanik; 8. Transforming accessions data into knowledge Hubert Escaith, Chiedu Osakwe, Vicky Chemutai and Ying Yan; Part II. Negotiators' Perspectives On The WTO Accession Process: 9. Accession of Liberia: an agenda for transformation Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Axel Addy; 10. Afghanistan's accession: challenged by conflict Humayoon Rasaw; 11. The WTO accession of Seychelles: lessons from a small island economy Pierre Laporte, Charles Morin and Cillia Mangroo; 12. WTO accession negotiations from a negotiator's perspective Atsuyuki Oike; Part III. Accessions Acquis: Thematic Perspectives and Implementation Challenges: 13. How post-TRIPS negotiations reframe the 'trade-related aspects' of intellectual property after TRIPS: the lessons of WTO accessions Antony Taubman; 14. Competition policy in WTO accessions: filling in the blanks in the international trading system Robert D. Anderson, Anna Caroline Müller and Nivedita Sen; 15. Geographical indications in the accessions landscape Tatiana Yanguas Acosta; 16. WTO accession commitments on agriculture: lessons for WTO rule-making Diwakar Dixit; 17. The WTO-plus obligations: dual class or a strengthened system? Nannan Gao and Fangying Zheng; 18. Accession protocols and the private sector Josefita Pardo de León and Mariam Soumaré; 19. Post-accession support platform Maika Oshikawa; 20. Conclusion – trade multilateralism: enhancing flexibility, preserving the momentum Alexei Kireyev and Chiedu Osakwe.