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Tondano (Toundano)

A Grammar Sketch of an Endangered Minahasan Language

Inbunden, Engelska, 2022

AvTimothy C. Brickell

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This monograph is a grammatical description of Tondano, an endangered and under-documented Austronesian (AN) language spoken in the northern part of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is a modified version of the related doctoral dissertation completed at La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (2015). The chapters herein begin by outlining relevant socio-historical information relating to the Tondano speech community, before providing detailed explanations of the sound system (phonetics and phonology), word structure (morphology), and phrase and sentence structure (syntax) of the language. This description seeks to be as complete as possible, while at the same time acknowledging any descriptive shortcomings, either due to a lack of data, a lack of analytical clarity, or simply due to considerations of space.The data used for this grammar come from extensive in situ fieldwork (2011–2015). In essence, the analysis takes a theory-neutral approach. While it does not utilise a specific theoretical framework, parts of the terminology, methodology, and analysis conform to those of Basic Linguistic Theory. There is a strong emphasis on using data which are as naturalistic as possible, and which has been collected, collated, and analysed in collaboration with native speakers in the Tondano speech community. For all levels of linguistic structure under description, language examples taken from primarily spontaneous communicative events are provided. In terms of issues relating to Austronesian typology, and aspects of broader cross-linguistic typology, these are mentioned where deemed necessary but are not the primary focus of this work.The principal audience for this book is scholars and students of languages and linguistics, along with anyone with an interest in the anthropology and linguistics of the Austronesian cultures of Maritime Southeast Asia.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2022-12-30
Mått174 x 246 x 20 mm
Vikt453 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
SerieRoutledge World Languages
Antal sidor266
FörlagTaylor & Francis Ltd
ISBN9781138549975

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Timothy C. Brickell is a linguist who is currently based at the University of Melbourne. He has been conducting fieldwork-based research in North Sulawesi since 2011 with the aim of documenting and describing the languages and cultures of indigenous communities in the Minahasa and Southeast Minahasa regencies. This research has produced digital multi-media content documenting traditional work-related, crafting, social, and ritualistic activities, as well as descriptions of various levels of language structure, such as those put forward in this monograph.

ContentsList of figuresList of tablesAcknowledgementsAbbreviations1 Introduction 1.1 Minahasa: population, geography, and economy1.2 History and culture of the region 1.2.1 Minahasa in pre-colonial times1.2.2 Colonisation: the 1500s onwards1.2.3 Minahasa in the modern age1.3 The languages of North Sulawesi 1.3.1 Indigenous languages of North Sulawesi 1.3.2 The Minahasan micro-group1.3.3 Languages of wider communication1.3.4 Linguistic vitality 1.3.5 Community attitudes 1.3.6 Previous descriptive work and major sources 1.4 Fieldwork and the data corpus 2 Phonetics and phonology 2.1 Phoneme inventory 2.1.1 Evidence for phonemic contrasts: minimal pairs2.2 Distribution and allophonic variation2.2.1 Consonant phonemes2.2.2 Oral plosives2.2.3 Nasals2.2.4 Glides 2.2.5 Liquids2.2.6 Fricatives 2.2.7 Vowel phonemes2.3 Syllable structure and phonotactics 2.3.1 Syllable structure2.3.2 Consonant clusters 2.3.3 Vowel sequences 2.3.4 Syllable sequences2.3.5 Stress assignment 2.4 Morphophonological processes 2.4.1 Nasal assimilation2.4.2 Nasal substitution2.4.3 Pseudo nasal substitution 2.4.4 Reduplication 2.4.5 Vowel deletion2.4.6 Consonant deletion2.4.7 Epenthesis .3 Morphology and word formation 3.1 Words: phonological and grammatical 3.1.1 Phonological words 3.1.2 Grammatical words 3.2 Roots and stems3.2.1 Roots 3.2.2 Stems 3.3 Inflection and derivation3.4 Affixes 3.4.1 Prefixes 3.4.2 Infixes .3.4.3 Suffixes 3.4.4 Circumfixes 3.4.5 Affix ordering 3.5 Clitics 3.5.1 Proclitics 3.5.2 Enclitics 3.5.3 Clitic ordering 4 Lexical categories4.1 Lexical categories and morphosyntactic categories 4.2 Nouns 4.2.1 Common and proper nouns 4.2.2 Temporal nouns 4.2.3 Locative nouns4.2.4 Nominalisation 4.3 Verbs 4.3.1 Monovalent verbs4.3.2 Bivalent verbs4.3.3 Modal auxiliary verbs 4.4 Pronouns4.4.1 Independent pronouns 4.4.2 Proclitic pronouns4.4.3 Enclitic pronouns4.4.4 Non-specific referents anu and ano4.5 Adverbs 4.5.1 Degree adverbs4.5.2 Focussing adverbs 4.5.3 Evidential and epistemic adverbs 4.5.4 Temporal adverbs 4.6 Demonstratives4.6.1 Demonstrative attributives4.6.2 Demonstrative pronouns 4.7 Quantifiers (non-numeral)4.8 Numerals 4.8.1 Simplex cardinal numerals4.8.2 Complex cardinal numerals 4.8.3 Ordinal numerals 4.8.4 Fractions 4.8.5 Multiplicatives4.9 Prepositions 4.10 Conjunctions4.11 Particles4.11.1 Interjections and exclamations4.11.2 Directional particles =la, =mèè, and =mi 4.11.3 Completive =mou and incompletive =pè’ 4.11.4 Verbal particle nèi 5 Basic morphosyntax 5.1 Grammatical relations and semantic roles5.1.1 Nominative 5.1.2 Accusitive 5.1.3 Genitive5.2 Transitivity 5.2.1 Intransitive clauses 5.2.2 Transitive clauses 5.3 Verbal clause structure5.3.1 Actor voice clauses 5.3.2 Undergoer voice clauses5.3.3 Topicalisation 5.4 Non-verbal clauses5.4.1 Existential clauses 5.4.2 Equative and attributive clauses 5.5 Other clause types 5.5.1 Question formation5.5.2 Negation and prohibitives5.5.3 Imperatives and adhortatives 5.6 Noun phrases and prepositional phrases 5.6.1 Noun phrases 5.6.2 Phrase marking 5.6.3 Possession5.6.4 Prepositional phrases 5.7 Complex clauses 5.7.1 Complex multi-verbal predicates5.7.2 Coordination5.7.3 Relative clauses5.7.4 Adverbial clauses5.7.5 Complement clauses5.7.6 Indirect speech 6 Major verbal alternations 1836.1 Voice marking 6.1.1 Morphosyntactic typology and alignment6.1.2 Actore voice6.1.3 Patient voice 6.1.4 Locative voice 6.1.5 Conveyance voice 6.2 Dynamic, Potentive, and Stative morphology6.2.1 Dynamic pa-/peN- 6.2.2 Potentive ka-6.2.3 Stative ka- 6.3 Tense, aspect, and mood6.3.1 Tense6.3.2 Aspect 6.3.3 Mood 6.4 Completive prefix paka- 6.5 Manner marking prefix kapa- 6.6 Causative prefix pa- 6.7 Reciprocal and comitative (mutual) suffix -an 6.8 Reflexives: sandiri, nu esa, and nu waya 6.9 Requestive prefix paki- 7 Example text 2247.1 Collecting and cooking watè ‘sago grubs’ Bibliography