To Eat or Not to Eat

Born 1974; 2004 ThM and 2010 PhD in Old Testament, Princeton Theological Seminary; 2016 Habilitation, University of Zurich; 2008-23 Senior Researcher & Teaching Fellow, University of Zurich; currently David Allan Hubbard Associate Professor of Old Testament Fuller Theological Seminary. Born 1974; 2004 ThM and 2010 PhD in Old Testament, Princeton Theological Seminary; 2016 Habilitation, University of Zurich; 2008-23 Senior Researcher & Teaching Fellow, University of Zurich; currently David Allan Hubbard Associate Professor of Old Testament Fuller Theological Seminary. Born 1979; 2008 PhD Anthropology of the Ancient World, University of Siena; 2013-19 Senior Researcher and Teaching Fellow University of Lausanne; 2020-2024 Senior Researcher University of Zurich; currently Assistant Professor in Greek Language and Literature at the University of Siena. Born 1979; 2008 PhD Anthropology of the Ancient World, University of Siena; 2013-19 Senior Researcher and Teaching Fellow University of Lausanne; 2020-2024 Senior Researcher University of Zurich; currently Assistant Professor in Greek Language and Literature at the University of Siena.

• Preface1. The Dietary Laws of Lev 11 and Deut 14: Introducing Their Ancient and Scholarly Contexts (Peter Altmann and Anna Angelini)1. A Methodological View of the History of Scholarship2. Human-Animal Relationships in Ancient Israel3. The Hebrew Bible Context of Food and Drink Restrictions4. Biblical Treatments of Meat Prohibitions5. Questions for this Volume6. Widening Horizons2. Framing the Questions: Some Theoretical Frameworks for the Biblical Dietary Prohibitions (Peter Altmann)1. Anthropological Terminology2. Psychological Explanations3. Materialist Explanations4. Douglas and Other Structuralist Approaches to "Dirt" as Structural Anomaly5. Synthesis3. Traditions and Texts: The "Origins" of the Dietary Prohibitions of Lev 11 and Deut 14 (Peter Altmann)1. Composition-Critical Concerns2. Continuum: From "Sanctuary Ritual" to "Mundane Custom"3. Mundane Customary Origins?4. Sanctuary Ritual Origins?5. The Influence of Household or Local Religion?6. Ritual Practice and Ritual Text7. Conclusions and a Possible Reconstruction4. A Deeper Look at Deut 14:4-20 in the Context of Deuteronomy (Peter Altmann)1. The Language of Deut 14:1-2, 3, 21 and 4-202. Abomination and Impurity in Deut 14 and Elsewhere in Deuteronomy3. Mourning Rituals in 14:1-2 and their Link to vv. 3, 4-204. "You Are Children, Belonging to Yhwh Your God"5. A Holy People and Treasured Nation: Deut 7:6; 14:2, 21; 26:186. The Relationship between Deut 14 and 26:12-15, 16-197. The Stipulations of Deut 14:21 in the context of Deut 148. Eating in Deut 14:1-21 in the Context of Deuteronomy 13 and 14:22-279. Summary5. The Terms שׁקץ Šeqeṣ and טמא Ṭame' in Lev 11:2-23 and Deut 14:2-20: Overlapping or Separate Categories? (Peter Altmann)1. The Usage of שׁקץ and טמא in the Rest of the Hebrew Bible and Their Relevance for Lev 11/Deut 142. The Usage of טמא3. The Terms in Deut 14 and Lev 114. Conclusion6. Aquatic Creatures in the Dietary Laws: What the Biblical and Ancient Eastern Contexts Contribute to Understanding Their Categorization (Peter Altmann)1. Water Creatures from Iconography and Texts of Surrounding Regions2. Water Creatures in Levantine Zooarchaeology and Evidence of Consumption in Biblical Texts3. Sea Creatures in the Bible4. Discussion of the Texts of Lev 11:9-12 and Deut 14:9-105. Reasons for the Prohibition?6. Conclusions7. A Table for Fortune: Abominable Food and Forbidden Cults in Isaiah 65-66 (Anna Angelini)1. Introduction: Dietary Laws outside the Pentateuch and Isa 65-662. The References to Food in the Structure of Isa 65-663. Abominable Cults between Imagery and Practice4. The Pig: A Marker for Impurity5. The Greek Text: Sacrificing to Demons6. Summary and Conclusions8. Dietary Laws in the Second Temple Period: The Evidence from the Dead Sea Scrolls (Anna Angelini)1. Introduction: Food in Dead Sea Scrolls and Biblical Law2. Methodological Remarks3. Main Tendencies in the Dead Sea Scroll Materials Related to Food Laws4. Animals and the Purity of the Temple5. Summary and Conclusions: Food Laws between Discourse and Practice9. Looking from the Outside: The Greco-Roman Discourse on the Jewish Food Prohibitions in the First and Second Centuries CE (Anna Angelini)1. Introduction: The Origins of the Greek and Roman Traditions about Food Prohibitions2. The Greek and Latin Witnesses on Jewish Food Prohibitions in the First Century CE3. The Polemic Use of Jewish Dietary Prohibitions in Juvenal and Tacitus4. Plutarch and The Philosophical Tradition5. ConclusionsAppendix: Plutarch's Moralia, Table Talk IV, Question 5 (669 e-671c)10. "Thinking" and "Performing" Dietary Prohibitions: Why Should One Keep Them? One Meaning or Many? (Peter Altmann)1. Introduction2. (Envisioned) Practice and Significance and the Myth of the Singular Explanation3. Knowing How and When vs. Knowing Why