TNM Supplement

Christian Wittekind, MD; Professor of Pathology, Chairman Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Germany.James D Brierley, BSc, MB, FRCP, FRCR, FRCPC; Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre / University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Anne W. M. Lee, MD; Clinical Professor, Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.Elisabeth van Eycken, MD; Director, Belgium Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium.

• Preface viiiOrganizations Associated with the TNM System xiiiNational Committees xiiiAcknowledgements xvAbbreviations xviChapter 1 Explanatory Notes – GeneralThe General Rules of the TNM System 1The TNM Clinical and Pathological Classifications 7Residual Tumour (R) Classification 15Additional Descriptors 20Optional Descriptors 24Unknown Primary 25Staging of Tumours for Which No TNM Classification is Provided 25Histopathological Grading 26References 28Chapter 2 Explanatory Notes – Specific Anatomical SitesHead and Neck Tumours 34Digestive System Tumours 54Lung, Pleural and Thymic Tumours 85Bone Tumours 104Soft Tissue Tumours 106Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) 108Skin Tumours 110Breast Tumours 118Gynaecological Tumours 122Urological Tumours 131Ophthalmic Tumours 142Hodgkin and Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas 149References 150Chapter 3 Site‐Specific Requirements for pT and pNIntroduction 157Head and Neck Tumours 160Digestive System Tumours 166Lung and Pleural Tumours 173Tumours of Bone and Soft Tissues 176Skin Tumours 179Breast Tumours 183Gynaecological Tumours 185Urological Tumours 188Adrenal Cortex Tumours 192Ophthalmic Tumours 193Hodgkin and Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas 195References 196Chapter 4 New TNM Classifications Recommended for Testing and Other ClassificationsIntroduction 198General 198Specific 198Non Upper Aerodigestive Tract Mucosal Melanoma 199Primary Liver Carcinoma of Infants and Children/Hepatoblastoma 200Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas 202Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphomas 202Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas 203Histopathologic Staging of Lymph Nodes in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome 204Primary Cutaneous B‐Cell/T‐Cell Lymphoma (Non‐MF/SS Lymphoma) 206Multiple Myeloma 207Leukaemia 208References 208Chapter 5 Optional Proposals for Testing New Subcategories of TNMAll Tumour Sites 210Head and Neck Tumours 210Digestive System Tumours 211Lung Tumours 213Breast Tumours (ICD‐0‐3 C50) 214Gynaecological Tumours 215Urological Tumours 215References 216Chapter 6 Frequently Asked Questions General Questions 218Site‐Specific Questions 229References 289Index 291Plate section facing p. 48