Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Dr. Møller is currently the M.F. Jonsson Professor of Hearing, University of Texas at Dallas, the Callier Center for Communication Disorders. He was on the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine for 19 years, where he held positions as Research Professor of Otolaryngology and later of Neurological Surgery. From 1988 to 1997 he held the position of Professor of Neurological Surgery. He received his medical education at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, where he also held faculty positions for more than 10 years. Dr. Møller is founder and Editor-in-Chief of the international journal Hearing Research. Berthold Langguth is at University of Regensburg, Germany. Tobias Kleinjung is at University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.

• ForewordGeneral introductionTinnitus: Presence and futureConsensus statements: SECTION I PATHOPHYSIOLOGY1. Genetics of chronic tinnitus2. The role of neural plasticity in tinnitus3. Pathophysiology of tinnitus4. Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to tinnitus research:5. Abnormal FMRI activation in the auditory midbrain of people with tinnitus6. Functional imaging of chronic tinnitus: the use of positron emission tomography7. The sound of silence - decrypting the neural code of tinnitus8. Tinnitus and Pain ? similarities and differencesSECTION II ANIMAL MODELS1. The role of the dorsal cochlear nucleus2. Neural mechanisms underlying somatic tinnitus3. Behavioral tests for the detection of tinnitus in animals4. Role of cochlear NMDA receptors in salicylate induced tinnitusSECTION III EPIDEMIOLOGY1. Tinnitus, hyperacusis, sound annoyance and loudness hypersensitivity in children2. Classification and epidemiology of tinnitusSECTION IV DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF TINNITUS1.Clinical diagnosis of tinnitus2. Evoked potentials in diagnosis of tinnitus.3. Myofascial trigger points: another way of modulating tinnitus4. Can somatic testing identify subjects whose tinnitus can be suppressed by specific treatments?5. Assessment of temporomandibular joint disorders and cervical muscular dysbalance in tinnitus patients6. Tinnitus severity, depression and personality7. Insomnia in Tinnitus patientsSECTION V TREATMENTTinnitus treatment - State of the ArtA. Drug treatment of tinnitus1. Pharmacological treatment of tinnitus2. Intratympanic drugs for the treatment of tinnitus3. Accamprosate 4. Zinc 5. Aprazolam6. Gabapentin7. Misoprostol8. Botox9. Antioxidants, metals, vitamins and herbal remedies in tinnitus therapyB. Hearing Devices1.Hearing aids for the treatment of Tinnitus2.Implantable Hearing aids for the treatment of Tinnitus3.Cochlea ImplantsC. Electrical and magnetic stimulation1. TMS for treatment of chronic tinnitus - clinical effects2. TMS for treatment of chronic tinnitus - neurobiological effects3. Electrical brain stimulation for tinnitus4.TENS for treatment of TinnitusD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1. Tinitus Retraining Therapy2. Auditory and visual attention process training for tinnitus treatment3. An extinction training for tinnitus4. Auditory discrimination therapy (adt) for tinnitus management: clinical trial5. Neurofeedback for treating tinnitusSection VI ASSESSMENTS OF TREATMENT RESULTS1. Considerations for the design of clinical trials for tinnitus2. Randomized, double blind studies3. Tinnitus assessment instruments