Alan Grainger is a lecturer in geography at the University of Leeds, UK.

• Figures and Tables Acronyms Preface Introduction 1. What Is Desertification? Desertification Defined The Distribution of Drylands The Arid Zones Natural Deserts and Desertification The Two Main Characteristics of Desertification The Direct and Indirect Causes of Desertification Desertification and Civilization Drought and Desertification Questions Remain about Desertification A Complex Phenomenon 2. The Causes of Desertification Overcultivation Overgrazing Poor Irrigation Management Deforestation Causes and Solutions 3. Desertification, People and Policy Population Growth Economic Development Desertification and Underdevelopment The Role of Government Famine, Poverty and Desertification Desertification in Developed Nations A Broader Perspective 4. The Scale of Desertification The Regional Distribution of Desertification Estimates of the Extent and Rate of Desertification Developing a New System of Desertification Indicators Using Remote Sensing to Improve the Monitoring of Desertification The Data Imperative 5. Controlling Desertification by Improving Crop Production Improving Rainfed Cropping Improving Irrigated Cropping The Role of Cropping in Desertification Control 6. Controlling Desertification by Improving Livestock Raising Improving Animal Quality Reducing Stock Levels Improving Rangelands More Wells? Regulating Nomads The Prospects for Livestock Development Pastoral Associations: the Last Hope? The Livestock Dilemma 7. Controlling Desertification by Planting Trees The Fuelwood Crisis Large-scale Fuelwood Plantations Social Forestry Does Community Forestry have a Future? The Role of Non-governmental Organizations Improved Stoves Future Tree-planting Strategies 8. Farm Forestry and Natural Woodland Management Farm Forestry Agroforestry Managing Natural Woodlands The Potential of Agroforestry and Natural Woodland Management 9. Turning the Tide Progress in Soil Conservation Preventing Sand Dune Encroachment The Prospects for Soil Conservation and Desert Reclamation 10.Controlling Desertification: Progress and Prospects Progress so Far Constraints on Progress Success or Failure? Priorities for Action Conclusions Appendix: Summary of the UNCOD Plan of Action to Combat Desertification Bibliography Index