Stella Cragie, a Qualified Member of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting, and former Principal Lecturer in Translation at the University of Westminster, is now a freelance translator.Ian Higgins, who, with the late Sándor Hervey, originated the Thinking Translation series, is Honorary Senior lecturer in Modern Languages at the University of St Andrews.Patrizia Gambarotta is Director of the Istituto Italiano di Cultura in Mumbai.

• Introduction; 1 Preliminaries to translation as a process; 2 Preliminaries to translation as a product; 3 Cultural transposition; Compensation; 4 The formal properties of texts: Phonic/graphic and prosodic issues in translation; 5 The formal properties of texts: Grammatical and sentential issues in translation; 6 The formal properties of texts: Discourse and intertextual issues in translation; 7 Literal meaning and translation issues; Connotative meaning and translation issues; 8 Language variety: Translation issues in register, sociolect and dialect; 9 Textual genre and translation issues; 10 Scientific and technical translation; 11 Official, legal and business translation; 12 Translating consumer-oriented texts; 13 Revising and editing TTs; 14 Three specimen practicals; 15 Working as a translator; 16 Technical resources; 17 Professionalism and quality standards; 18 Summary and conclusion

Stella Cragie, a Qualified Member of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting, and former Principal Lecturer in Translation at the University of Westminster, is now a freelance translator.Ian Higgins, who, with the late Sándor Hervey, originated the Thinking Translation series, is Honorary Senior lecturer in Modern Languages at the University of St Andrews.Patrizia Gambarotta is Director of the Istituto Italiano di Cultura in Mumbai.

• Introduction; 1 Preliminaries to translation as a process; 2 Preliminaries to translation as a product; 3 Cultural transposition; Compensation; 4 The formal properties of texts: Phonic/graphic and prosodic issues in translation; 5 The formal properties of texts: Grammatical and sentential issues in translation; 6 The formal properties of texts: Discourse and intertextual issues in translation; 7 Literal meaning and translation issues; Connotative meaning and translation issues; 8 Language variety: Translation issues in register, sociolect and dialect; 9 Textual genre and translation issues; 10 Scientific and technical translation; 11 Official, legal and business translation; 12 Translating consumer-oriented texts; 13 Revising and editing TTs; 14 Three specimen practicals; 15 Working as a translator; 16 Technical resources; 17 Professionalism and quality standards; 18 Summary and conclusion

Stella Cragie, a Qualified Member of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting, and former Principal Lecturer in Translation at the University of Westminster, is now a freelance translator.Ian Higgins, who, with the late Sándor Hervey, originated the Thinking Translation series, is Honorary Senior lecturer in Modern Languages at the University of St Andrews.Patrizia Gambarotta is Director of the Istituto Italiano di Cultura in Mumbai.

• Introduction; 1 Preliminaries to translation as a process; 2 Preliminaries to translation as a product; 3 Cultural transposition; Compensation; 4 The formal properties of texts: Phonic/graphic and prosodic issues in translation; 5 The formal properties of texts: Grammatical and sentential issues in translation; 6 The formal properties of texts: Discourse and intertextual issues in translation; 7 Literal meaning and translation issues; Connotative meaning and translation issues; 8 Language variety: Translation issues in register, sociolect and dialect; 9 Textual genre and translation issues; 10 Scientific and technical translation; 11 Official, legal and business translation; 12 Translating consumer-oriented texts; 13 Revising and editing TTs; 14 Three specimen practicals; 15 Working as a translator; 16 Technical resources; 17 Professionalism and quality standards; 18 Summary and conclusion