Stefano Spezia was born in Erice (Italy) in 1981. He obtained a master's degree in Electronic Engineering (Telecommunications) at the University of Palermo in 2006, and in 2012, at the same university, he got a PhD degree in Applied Physics. From 2007 to 2014, he carried out research in the Physics of Complex Ecological Systems, Semiconductor Spintronics, Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Optics, publishing several works in international journals and books. Since 2014, high school teacher of Mathematics and Physics. He is also an amateur mathematician interested in integer sequences.

• Section 1 Basic Physics: Ideal Gases and Thermodynamics LawsChapter 1 On Classical Ideal GasesChapter 2 A New Entropy Function to Analyze Isentropic Processes of Ideal Gases with Variable Specific HeatsChapter 3 Understanding Atmospheric Behaviour in Terms of Entropy: A Review of Applications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to MeteorologyChapter 4 Mechanics and Thermodynamics of a New Minimal Model of the AtmosphereSection 2 Effects of GravityChapter 5 The Effects of Gravity on the Climate and Circulation of a Terrestrial PlanetChapter 6 Gravity is Vertical in Geophysical Fluid DynamicsChapter 7 Convective Cells of Internal Gravity Waves in the Earth's Atmosphere with Finite Temperature GradientSection 3 The Water and the Vertical Structure of Moisture in the AtmosphereChapter 8 Water from Air: an Overlooked Source of Moisture in Arid and Semiarid RegionsChapter 9 Observed Behaviours of Precipitable Water Vapour and Precipitation Intensity in Response to Upper Air Profiles Estimated from Surface Air TemperatureChapter 10 Vertical Structure of Moisture Content Over EuropeChapter 11 Impacts of Model Spatial Resolution on the Vertical Structure of Convection in the TropicsChapter 12 Winter Thermodynamic Vertical Structure in the Arctic Atmosphere Linked to Large-Scale CirculationChapter 13 Vertical Structure of the Lower Troposphere Derived from MU Radar, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, and Balloon Measurements During ShUREX 2015Section 4 Cloud drops and MixturesChapter 14 Cloud Processing of Aerosol Particles in Marine Stratocumulus CloudsChapter 15 Cloud Drop Number Concentrations Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean: Seasonal Cycle, Aerosol Interrelationships, and other Influential FactorsChapter 16 Response of Mixed-Phase Cloud Microphysical Properties to Cloud-Seeding Near Cloud Top Over Hebei, ChinaChapter 17 Hygroscopicity and Ice Nucleation Properties of Dust/Salt Mixtures Originating from the Source of East Asian Dust StormsSection 5 Thermal RadiationChapter 18 Disquisitions Relating to Principles of Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Climate ModellingChapter 19 Radiation and Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere: A Comprehensive Approach on a Molecular BasisChapter 20 Atmospheric Ionization and Cloud Radiative Forcing

Stefano Spezia was born in Erice (Italy) in 1981. He obtained a master's degree in Electronic Engineering (Telecommunications) at the University of Palermo in 2006, and in 2012, at the same university, he got a PhD degree in Applied Physics. From 2007 to 2014, he carried out research in the Physics of Complex Ecological Systems, Semiconductor Spintronics, Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Optics, publishing several works in international journals and books. Since 2014, high school teacher of Mathematics and Physics. He is also an amateur mathematician interested in integer sequences.

• Section 1 Basic Physics: Ideal Gases and Thermodynamics LawsChapter 1 On Classical Ideal GasesChapter 2 A New Entropy Function to Analyze Isentropic Processes of Ideal Gases with Variable Specific HeatsChapter 3 Understanding Atmospheric Behaviour in Terms of Entropy: A Review of Applications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to MeteorologyChapter 4 Mechanics and Thermodynamics of a New Minimal Model of the AtmosphereSection 2 Effects of GravityChapter 5 The Effects of Gravity on the Climate and Circulation of a Terrestrial PlanetChapter 6 Gravity is Vertical in Geophysical Fluid DynamicsChapter 7 Convective Cells of Internal Gravity Waves in the Earth's Atmosphere with Finite Temperature GradientSection 3 The Water and the Vertical Structure of Moisture in the AtmosphereChapter 8 Water from Air: an Overlooked Source of Moisture in Arid and Semiarid RegionsChapter 9 Observed Behaviours of Precipitable Water Vapour and Precipitation Intensity in Response to Upper Air Profiles Estimated from Surface Air TemperatureChapter 10 Vertical Structure of Moisture Content Over EuropeChapter 11 Impacts of Model Spatial Resolution on the Vertical Structure of Convection in the TropicsChapter 12 Winter Thermodynamic Vertical Structure in the Arctic Atmosphere Linked to Large-Scale CirculationChapter 13 Vertical Structure of the Lower Troposphere Derived from MU Radar, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, and Balloon Measurements During ShUREX 2015Section 4 Cloud drops and MixturesChapter 14 Cloud Processing of Aerosol Particles in Marine Stratocumulus CloudsChapter 15 Cloud Drop Number Concentrations Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean: Seasonal Cycle, Aerosol Interrelationships, and other Influential FactorsChapter 16 Response of Mixed-Phase Cloud Microphysical Properties to Cloud-Seeding Near Cloud Top Over Hebei, ChinaChapter 17 Hygroscopicity and Ice Nucleation Properties of Dust/Salt Mixtures Originating from the Source of East Asian Dust StormsSection 5 Thermal RadiationChapter 18 Disquisitions Relating to Principles of Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Climate ModellingChapter 19 Radiation and Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere: A Comprehensive Approach on a Molecular BasisChapter 20 Atmospheric Ionization and Cloud Radiative Forcing

Stefano Spezia was born in Erice (Italy) in 1981. He obtained a master's degree in Electronic Engineering (Telecommunications) at the University of Palermo in 2006, and in 2012, at the same university, he got a PhD degree in Applied Physics. From 2007 to 2014, he carried out research in the Physics of Complex Ecological Systems, Semiconductor Spintronics, Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Optics, publishing several works in international journals and books. Since 2014, high school teacher of Mathematics and Physics. He is also an amateur mathematician interested in integer sequences.

• Section 1 Basic Physics: Ideal Gases and Thermodynamics LawsChapter 1 On Classical Ideal GasesChapter 2 A New Entropy Function to Analyze Isentropic Processes of Ideal Gases with Variable Specific HeatsChapter 3 Understanding Atmospheric Behaviour in Terms of Entropy: A Review of Applications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to MeteorologyChapter 4 Mechanics and Thermodynamics of a New Minimal Model of the AtmosphereSection 2 Effects of GravityChapter 5 The Effects of Gravity on the Climate and Circulation of a Terrestrial PlanetChapter 6 Gravity is Vertical in Geophysical Fluid DynamicsChapter 7 Convective Cells of Internal Gravity Waves in the Earth's Atmosphere with Finite Temperature GradientSection 3 The Water and the Vertical Structure of Moisture in the AtmosphereChapter 8 Water from Air: an Overlooked Source of Moisture in Arid and Semiarid RegionsChapter 9 Observed Behaviours of Precipitable Water Vapour and Precipitation Intensity in Response to Upper Air Profiles Estimated from Surface Air TemperatureChapter 10 Vertical Structure of Moisture Content Over EuropeChapter 11 Impacts of Model Spatial Resolution on the Vertical Structure of Convection in the TropicsChapter 12 Winter Thermodynamic Vertical Structure in the Arctic Atmosphere Linked to Large-Scale CirculationChapter 13 Vertical Structure of the Lower Troposphere Derived from MU Radar, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, and Balloon Measurements During ShUREX 2015Section 4 Cloud drops and MixturesChapter 14 Cloud Processing of Aerosol Particles in Marine Stratocumulus CloudsChapter 15 Cloud Drop Number Concentrations Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean: Seasonal Cycle, Aerosol Interrelationships, and other Influential FactorsChapter 16 Response of Mixed-Phase Cloud Microphysical Properties to Cloud-Seeding Near Cloud Top Over Hebei, ChinaChapter 17 Hygroscopicity and Ice Nucleation Properties of Dust/Salt Mixtures Originating from the Source of East Asian Dust StormsSection 5 Thermal RadiationChapter 18 Disquisitions Relating to Principles of Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Climate ModellingChapter 19 Radiation and Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere: A Comprehensive Approach on a Molecular BasisChapter 20 Atmospheric Ionization and Cloud Radiative Forcing