Thermal Solar Desalination

Belessiotis obtained his PhD from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and is currently the Research Director of the Solar and Other Energy Systems laboratory of NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”. His main research areas are Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation, and his interests include the areas of Thermal Engineering, Physical processes and Metrology. He was project coordinator in a large number of competitive research projects funded from external sources and his scientific work is widely published. His scientific work is published in five books, six original contributions in specialized international encyclopedias (ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS and ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENERGY) and more than 250 papers are published in international journals, international and national conferences (with review), as well as many specialized studies. He has approximately 2000 citations on this work. His is permanent member of scientific organisations: ISES, EDS, IDA, ASHRAE, ΙΗΤ, HellasLab (national member of EUROLAB). Prof. Soteris Kalogirou is a Professor in theDepartment of Mechanical Engineeringand Materials Science and Engineering atthe Cyprus University of Technology. Inaddition to his Ph.D., he holds a D.Sc. and isinternationally recognized for his pioneeringcontributions to renewable energy. He is aFellow of the European Academy of Sciences,a Founding Member of the Cyprus Academyof Sciences, Letters and Arts, a Member ofAcademia Europaea, and a Fellow of theInternational Artificial Intelligence IndustryAlliance. For over 35 years, he has conductedresearch in solar energy, with expertiseencompassing solar collectors, solar waterheating, solar steam generation, desalination, photovoltaics, geothermal energy, andabsorption cooling. He has published extensively,authoring numerous journal articles,book chapters, and conference papers. Hisbooks Solar Energy Engineering: Processes andSystems and Thermal Solar Desalination: Methods and Systems (Academic Press, Elsevier)are widely recognized references in the field.He currently serves as Editor-in-Chief ofRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Emmy Delyannis received her PhD from the Athens University of Technology (AUth) and carried out postgraduate studies at the universities of Lawrence, Kansas, USA, and Karlsruhe, Germany. She was Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy at AUth where she taught the subjects of Heating and Chemical Technology. For about 20 years she was the General Secretary of the European Working Group on "Fresh Water from the Sea” and she organized six symposiums for the European Federation of Chemical Engineers. For her contributions in desalination she was honored with the Public Service Award of the Department of the Interior of USA and with the Certificate of Merit of the International & Environmental Association, USA.

• CHAPTER 1 1.1 Introduction1.2 What is Desalination? – Where does it Apply?1.3 Operation Steps of a Desalination Plant1.4 Water and Energy1.5 Thermal Solar Desalination1.6 New Trends in DesalinationCHAPTER 22.1 Introduction2.2 Water and Seawater Properties – Definitions2.3. The Chemical Composition of Seawater2.4 Properties of seawater2.5 Suspended Particulate Material in Seawater2.6 Quality of Drinking and Utilization Water2.7. Corrosion and Scale Formation 2.8 ConclusionCHAPTER 33.1 Introduction3.2 Solar stills3.2 Solar stills3.3 Operation principles of solar distillation - Solar stillsCHAPTER 44.1 Introduction4.2 Terminology4.3 Membrane Distillation4.4 Mass and Heat Transfer4.5 Characteristics of MD Configurations4.6 Heat Recovery4.7 Solar Powered Membrane Distillation (SPMD)4.8 Membrane’s Characteristic Properties4.9 Membrane Modules4.10 Membrane TypesCHAPTER 55.1 Introduction5.2 Definitions5.3 General operation principles5.4 Mathematical models5.5 Multiple-effect humidification-dehumidification (MEH)5.6 Other concepts of the H/D method5.7 Solar H/D systems with storage tanks 5.8 The economics of the H/D method5.9 Coupling solar stills or H/D systems to greenhousesCHAPTER 66.1 Introduction6.2 Short historical review6.3 Definitions and Nomenclature6.4 Factors which influence the selection of the desalination system6.5 Factors influencing the selection of the solar systes6.6 Conventional desalination systems-Distillation methods6.7 Dual purpose plants6.8 Solar desalination combinationsAppendix IAppendix IIAppendix III