The Oxford Encyclopedia of Agriculture and the Environment

Richard W. Hazlett is a geologist and environmental scientist whose professional work has included detailed field studies of active volcanoes (in Hawai'i, Italy, Central America, and the Aleutian Islands), and the establishment of the Environmental Analysis Program at Pomona College in California, where he also helped develop and manage the Pomona Organic Farm as a new teaching and learning resource. His popular works include the books "Roadside Geology of Hawai'i," "Volcanoes: Global Perspectives" (with co-author Jack Lockwood), and numerous national park publications. In the early 1990s, he also played a leading role in developing the 26-part Annenberg telecourse "Earth Revealed" for public television, broadcast internationally, and has led field trips for interested parties to study the volcanoes of southern Italy, Russia, and the Island of Hawai'i, where he presently resides. Recently, he played a key role as a geology team leader for the U.S. Geological Survey, closely monitoring anddocumenting the 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano.

• List of ArticlesHistory of AgricultureThe Early Anthropogenic HypothesisWilliam RuddimanNomadismPhilip Carl SalzmanHunter-Gatherer Economies in the Old World and New WorldChristian Morgan, Shannon Tushingham, Raven Garvey, Loukas Barton, and Robert BettingerGeography and Chronology of the Transition to AgriculturePeter BoguckiAncient and Traditional Agriculture, Pastoralism, and Agricultural Societies in Sub-Saharan AfricaAndrew B. SmithBarley in Archaeology and Early HistorySimone RiehlPrehistoric and Traditional Agriculture in Lowland MesoamericaClarissa CagnatoAgricultural Origins and their Consequences in Southwestern AsiaAlan SimmonsAgriculture in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and the LevantJohn M. MarstonHuman Environmental Interrelationships and the Origins of Agriculture in Egypt and SudanSimon Holdaway and Rebecca PhillippsAgricultural Dispersals in Mediterranean and Temperate EuropeAurélie SalavertThe Agriculture of Early IndiaCharlene Murphy and Dorian Q. FullerEarly History of Animal Domestication in Southwest AsiaBenjamin S. ArbuckleAgricultural Practices and Environmental Impacts of Aztec and Pre-Aztec Central MexicoDeborah L. NicholsAncient and Traditional Agriculture in South America: Tropical LowlandsGlenn H. Shepard Jr., Eduardo Neves, Charles R. Clement, Helena Lima, Claide Moraes, and Gilton MendesIndigenous American Agricultural Contributions to Modern Global Food SystemsMarcia C. BrunoOrigin and Development of Agriculture in New Guinea, Island Melanesia and PolynesiaTim DenhamAgricultural Innovation and Dispersal in Eastern North AmericaKandace D. Hollenbach and Stephen B. CarmodyIndigenous Polynesian Agriculture in Hawai'iNoa Kekuewa Lincoln and Peter VitousekEvolution of Agricultural Practices and the Transformation of the English LandscapeTom WilliamsonFrom the Plow and Harness to Precision Farming in the North American Great PlainsDavid E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, Thomas DeSutter, and Cheryl ReeseHistory of Agriculture in the United StatesPamela Riney-KehrbergSoil Nature, Abuse, and StewardshipSoils, Science, Society, and the EnvironmentColin RobinsSoil Resources, the Delivery of Ecosystem Services and ValueDavid A. Robinson, Fiona Seaton, Katrina Sharps, Amy Thomas, Francis Parry Roberts, Martine van der Ploeg, Laurence Jones, Jannes Stolte, Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, Paula Harrison, and Bridget EmmettSoil Tilth and ManagementLars J. Munkholm, Mansonia Pulido-Moncada, and Peter Bilson ObourSoil Sediment Loading and Related Environmental Impacts from FarmsVito FerroMeasuring Soil Loss and Subsequent Nutrient and Organic Matter Loss on FarmlandsVito Ferro and Vincenzo BagarelloEffective Practices in Mitigating Soil Erosion from FieldsVincenzo BagarelloSoil Quality as Affected by Intensive Versus Conservative Agricultural ManagementsLuigi BadaluccoSoil SalinizationPichu RengasamyClassification and Mitigation of Soil SalinizationTibor TóthCauses of Soil Salinization, Sodification, and AlkalinizationElisabeth N. BuiIrrigation, Nutrient Management, and Nutrient IssuesSurface IrrigationLuis S. Pereira and José M. GonçalvesThe Qanat System of Iran and the MaghrebAhmad Abbasnejad; Behnam AbbasnejadEnvironmental Benefits and Concerns of Center Pivot IrrigationLeonor Rodriguez SinobasSubsurface (Tile) Agricultural DrainageGary Sands, Srinivasulu Ale, Laura Christianson, and Nathan UttWell Construction, Cones of Depression and Groundwater Sharing ApproachesFidel Ribera UrendaTerracing: From Agriculture to Multiple Ecosystem ServicesPaolo Socci, Alessandro Errico, Giulio Castelli, Daniele Penna, and Federico PretiThe Role of Cover Crops in Agriculture and their Environmental SignificanceHelena AronssonCrop Rotations, Fallowing, and their Environmental BenefitsMuhammad Farooq, Ahmad Nawaz, and Faisal NadeemIndustrial Fertilizers in AgricultureGregory L. WilloughbyAgricultural Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in Surface WatersMarianne Bechmann and Per StålnackeSelected Crops, Livestock, and Environmental Impacts of Their ProductionAgricultural Energy Demand and UseDavid Roland-HolstAgricultural Subsidies and the EnvironmentHeather WilliamsCultivation and Impact of WheatPeter ShewryCultivation and Environmental Impact of CornEmerson NafzigerCultivation and Environmental Impacts of RiceReiner WassmannTomatoes: A Model Crop of Solanaceous PlantsAutar Mattoo, Raheel Anwar, and Tahira FatimaCitrus History, Taxonomy, Breeding, and Fruit QualityPaolo Inglese; Giuseppe SortinoCultivation and Environmental Impact of MushroomsShu Ting Chang; Solomon P. WasserCultivation, Improvement, and Environmental Impacts of TeaMainaak Mukhopadhyay and Tapan Kumar MondalEnvironmental Impacts of Tropical Soybean and Palm Oil CropsKimberly M. Carlson and Rachael D. GarrettSocial and Environmental Implications of Plantation Agriculture in Malaysia and IndonesiaJean-François Bissonnette and Rodolphe De KoninckEnvironmental Impacts and Benefits of AgroforestryShibu JoseDairy, Science, Society, and the EnvironmentChristopher LuCAFOs: Farm Animals and Industrialized Livestock ProductionJames M. MacDonaldAgricultural MethanogenesisAlexander N. HristovThe Big Picture, and Toward a New Global AgricultureAn Image Reconnaissance: Agricultural Patterns and Related Environmental Impacts Viewed from SpaceRichard W. Hazlett and Joshua PeckEconomics, Agriculture, and FaminesNoel RussellFood Safety in a Global Economy: Policies and ConcernsTomiko Yamaguchi and Shun-Nan ChiangSustainable Coffee ProductionSarada KrishnanOrganic FarmingTheodore J. K. RadovichEcological Farming and the Methods of AgroecologyMiguel A. AltieriAgroecologyJuhn Helenius, Alexander Wezel, and Charles A. FrancisBiotechnology and AgricultureDavid StillFood Waste and Biomass RecoveryWun Jern Ng, Keke Xiao, Vinay Kumar Tyagi, Chaozhi Pan, and Leong Soon PohVermiculture in Greenhouse Plants, Field Crop Production and HydroponicsNorman Q. Arancon; Zachary SolartePros and Cons of GMO Crop FarmingRene Van Acker, Motior Rahman, and S. Zahra H. CiciClimate Change Impacts on Agriculture across AfricaLaura PereiraCrop Production Resilience through Biodiversity for Adaptation to Climate ChangeCharles A. FrancisSeed Banking as Future Insurance against Crop CollapsesFiona Hay