The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression

• Acknowledgements; Contributors; Editor's preface; Part I. The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression or an Electrophysiological Analysis of the Expression of the Emotions: Preface; Section 1. Introduction: 1. A review of previous work on muscle action in facial expression; 2. Principle facts that emerge from my electrophysiological experiments; 3. The reliability of these experiments; 4. The purpose of my research; Section 2. Scientific Section: Foreword; 5. Anatomical preparations, and portraits of the subjects who underwent electrophysiological experiments; 6. The muscle of attention (m. frontalis); 7. The muscle of reflection (superior part of m. orbicularis oculi, that part of the muscle called the sphincter of the eyelids); 8. The muscle of aggression (m. procerus); 9. The muscle of pain (m. corrugator supercilii); 10. The muscles of joy and benevolence (m. zygomaticus major and the inferior part of m. orbicularis oculi); 11. The muscle of lasciviousness (transverse part of m. nasalis); 12. The muscle of sadness (m. depressor anguli oris); 13. The muscles of weeping and whimpering (m. zygomaticus minor and m. levator labii superioris); 14. Muscles complementary to surprise (muscles that lower the mandible); 15. The muscle of fright, of terror (m. platysma); 16. A critical study of several antiquities from the point of view of m. corrugator supercilii and m. frontalis; Section 3. Aesthetic Section: Foreword; 17. Aesthetic electrophysiological studies on the mechanism of human facial expression; 18. Further aesthetic electrophysiological studies; 19. Synoptic table on the plates of the Album; Part II. Commentary Chapters: 20. The highly original Dr Duchenne R. Andrew Cuthbertson; 21. The Duchenne de Boulogne collection in the department of morphology, L'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts Jean-François Debord; 22. Duchenne today: facial expression and facial surgery John T. Hueston; 23. Duchenne and facial expression of emotion Paul Ekman; Index.

"...elegant and highly detailed work on the anatomy of facial expression..." Dr. Carroll E. Izard, Unidel Professor