Arvind Panagariya is a Professor of Economics and Indian Political Economy at Columbia University, Non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, and a former Chief Economist of the Asian Development Bank. Panagariya has written prolifically on global trade policy issues and economic reforms in India. The author of a dozen books, he has also published technical papers in many leading journals and other publications. Professor Panagariya writes an influential monthly column in the Times of India and has been honored with the Padma Bhushan by India.Dr. M. Govinda Rao is a well known scholar in public finance in India. Presently, he is a Member of the Fourteenth Finance Commission, Government of India. His past positions include Director of the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy in New Delhi and Director of the Institute for Social and Economic Change in Bangalore. Dr. Rao was also a Member of Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India. He has chaired and was a member of several committees. He has written extensive publications in referred journals in addition to his 14 books and monographs.

• 1. Introduction: Understanding the growth Miracles of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Gujarat ; Arvind Panagariya and M. Govinda Rao ; Chapter 1 References ; PART I: ANDHRA PRADESH ; Mudit Kapoor and Rahul Ahluwalia ; 2. Andhra Pradesh: Setting the Stage ; 3. Growth and Economic Transformation ; 4. Poverty and Employment ; 5. Microfinance and Employment Guarantee Program in Rural Areas ; 6. Health and Education ; 7. Conclusions ; Appendix 1: Implications of Bifurcation and Region-Wise Analysis of Andhra Pradesh ; Part I References ; PART II: BIHAR ; Arnab Mukherji and Anjan Mukherji ; 8. Bihar's Economy in Historical Perspective ; 9. What Went Wrong? ; 10. What Changed? ; 11. Governance and Reforms Matter ; 12. Conclusions ; Part II References ; PART III: GUJARAT ; Archana Dholakia and Ravindra Dholakia ; 13. Growth and Development in Gujarat: An Overview ; 14. Policy Reform in Economic Sectors ; 15. Urban Development ; 16. Fiscal reforms and Performance ; 17. Elementary and Higher Education ; 18. Health ; 19. Governance, Efficiency, and Effectiveness ; 20. Lessons from the Gujarat Experience ; Appendix 2: Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP) on the River Narmada ; Appendix 3: The Earthquake and Its Impact on the Kutchh District ; Part III References ; 21. Lessons from the States and Looking Ahead ; Arvind Panagariya and M. Govinda Rao

Two of India's leading economists have brought together top-notch experts-some senior scholars, others younger- to offer sophisticated, in-depth, and insightful studies of the relationship between public policy and developmental performance with respect to the economy and social sectors in a poor state (Bihar), a rich state (Gujarat), and a middle-level state (Andhra Pradesh). The central message of the volume is that poor and middle-level states are not condemned to underdevelopment; rather, there is abundant hope for substantial economic and social advance in India's various states, given-and it is fundamental-a leadership at the helm with vision and decisive administrative ability.

Arvind Panagariya is a Professor of Economics and Indian Political Economy at Columbia University, Non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, and a former Chief Economist of the Asian Development Bank. Panagariya has written prolifically on global trade policy issues and economic reforms in India. The author of a dozen books, he has also published technical papers in many leading journals and other publications. Professor Panagariya writes an influential monthly column in the Times of India and has been honored with the Padma Bhushan by India.Dr. M. Govinda Rao is a well known scholar in public finance in India. Presently, he is a Member of the Fourteenth Finance Commission, Government of India. His past positions include Director of the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy in New Delhi and Director of the Institute for Social and Economic Change in Bangalore. Dr. Rao was also a Member of Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India. He has chaired and was a member of several committees. He has written extensive publications in referred journals in addition to his 14 books and monographs.

• 1. Introduction: Understanding the growth Miracles of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Gujarat ; Arvind Panagariya and M. Govinda Rao ; Chapter 1 References ; PART I: ANDHRA PRADESH ; Mudit Kapoor and Rahul Ahluwalia ; 2. Andhra Pradesh: Setting the Stage ; 3. Growth and Economic Transformation ; 4. Poverty and Employment ; 5. Microfinance and Employment Guarantee Program in Rural Areas ; 6. Health and Education ; 7. Conclusions ; Appendix 1: Implications of Bifurcation and Region-Wise Analysis of Andhra Pradesh ; Part I References ; PART II: BIHAR ; Arnab Mukherji and Anjan Mukherji ; 8. Bihar's Economy in Historical Perspective ; 9. What Went Wrong? ; 10. What Changed? ; 11. Governance and Reforms Matter ; 12. Conclusions ; Part II References ; PART III: GUJARAT ; Archana Dholakia and Ravindra Dholakia ; 13. Growth and Development in Gujarat: An Overview ; 14. Policy Reform in Economic Sectors ; 15. Urban Development ; 16. Fiscal reforms and Performance ; 17. Elementary and Higher Education ; 18. Health ; 19. Governance, Efficiency, and Effectiveness ; 20. Lessons from the Gujarat Experience ; Appendix 2: Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP) on the River Narmada ; Appendix 3: The Earthquake and Its Impact on the Kutchh District ; Part III References ; 21. Lessons from the States and Looking Ahead ; Arvind Panagariya and M. Govinda Rao

Two of India's leading economists have brought together top-notch experts-some senior scholars, others younger- to offer sophisticated, in-depth, and insightful studies of the relationship between public policy and developmental performance with respect to the economy and social sectors in a poor state (Bihar), a rich state (Gujarat), and a middle-level state (Andhra Pradesh). The central message of the volume is that poor and middle-level states are not condemned to underdevelopment; rather, there is abundant hope for substantial economic and social advance in India's various states, given-and it is fundamental-a leadership at the helm with vision and decisive administrative ability.

Arvind Panagariya is a Professor of Economics and Indian Political Economy at Columbia University, Non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, and a former Chief Economist of the Asian Development Bank. Panagariya has written prolifically on global trade policy issues and economic reforms in India. The author of a dozen books, he has also published technical papers in many leading journals and other publications. Professor Panagariya writes an influential monthly column in the Times of India and has been honored with the Padma Bhushan by India.Dr. M. Govinda Rao is a well known scholar in public finance in India. Presently, he is a Member of the Fourteenth Finance Commission, Government of India. His past positions include Director of the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy in New Delhi and Director of the Institute for Social and Economic Change in Bangalore. Dr. Rao was also a Member of Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India. He has chaired and was a member of several committees. He has written extensive publications in referred journals in addition to his 14 books and monographs.

• 1. Introduction: Understanding the growth Miracles of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Gujarat ; Arvind Panagariya and M. Govinda Rao ; Chapter 1 References ; PART I: ANDHRA PRADESH ; Mudit Kapoor and Rahul Ahluwalia ; 2. Andhra Pradesh: Setting the Stage ; 3. Growth and Economic Transformation ; 4. Poverty and Employment ; 5. Microfinance and Employment Guarantee Program in Rural Areas ; 6. Health and Education ; 7. Conclusions ; Appendix 1: Implications of Bifurcation and Region-Wise Analysis of Andhra Pradesh ; Part I References ; PART II: BIHAR ; Arnab Mukherji and Anjan Mukherji ; 8. Bihar's Economy in Historical Perspective ; 9. What Went Wrong? ; 10. What Changed? ; 11. Governance and Reforms Matter ; 12. Conclusions ; Part II References ; PART III: GUJARAT ; Archana Dholakia and Ravindra Dholakia ; 13. Growth and Development in Gujarat: An Overview ; 14. Policy Reform in Economic Sectors ; 15. Urban Development ; 16. Fiscal reforms and Performance ; 17. Elementary and Higher Education ; 18. Health ; 19. Governance, Efficiency, and Effectiveness ; 20. Lessons from the Gujarat Experience ; Appendix 2: Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP) on the River Narmada ; Appendix 3: The Earthquake and Its Impact on the Kutchh District ; Part III References ; 21. Lessons from the States and Looking Ahead ; Arvind Panagariya and M. Govinda Rao

Two of India's leading economists have brought together top-notch experts-some senior scholars, others younger- to offer sophisticated, in-depth, and insightful studies of the relationship between public policy and developmental performance with respect to the economy and social sectors in a poor state (Bihar), a rich state (Gujarat), and a middle-level state (Andhra Pradesh). The central message of the volume is that poor and middle-level states are not condemned to underdevelopment; rather, there is abundant hope for substantial economic and social advance in India's various states, given-and it is fundamental-a leadership at the helm with vision and decisive administrative ability.