Byron E. Shafer is Hawkins Chair of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He was formerly Mellon Professor of American Politics at the University of Oxford from 1984 to 2001. He has written on numerous aspects of the structure of American politics, and he has attended all national party conventions for both parties from 1980 onward. Regina L. Wagner is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. Her work focuses on political representation, gender and politics, legislative politics, and political parties. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 2018.