The Handbook of African Defence and Armed Forces

Evert Kleynhans is Associate Professor in the Department of Military History at the Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. He is also an honorary researcher at the Centre for War and Diplomacy at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom. His broad research focuses on operational, naval, and intelligence history, as well as irregular warfare in Southern Africa.Marco Wyss is Professor of International History and Security at Lancaster University; a Research Fellow at the Department of Military History, Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University; and a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London. Previously, he has held permanent and visiting positions at - among others - the University of Chichester, ETH Zurich, the Leibniz Institute of European History in Mainz, the University of Lausanne, the University of the Free State, Sciences Po Lille, and Sciences Po Aix.

• List of Figures List of Tables Notes on Contributors Evert Kleynhans;Marco Wyss: Introduction: The Past, the Present, and the Future of African Defence and Armed Forces PART I National Defence Policies 1: Abdel-Fattah Mady: Egypt 2: Abdelkrim Dekhakhena: Algeria 3: Derek Lutterbeck: Tunisia and Libya 4: Saïd Haddad: Mauritania, Morocco, and Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 5: Christopher Clapham: Ethiopia 6: Henrik Laugesen: Kenya 7: Kasaija Phillip Apuuli: Uganda and Tanzania 8: Marco Jowell: Rwanda and Burundi 9: Brian Adeba;Jihad Mashamoun: Sudan and South Sudan 10: Sonia Le Gouriellec: Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia 11: Jean-Jacques Wondo Omanyundu: Democratic Republic of the Congo 12: Manu Lekunze;Tim Glawion;Ketil Fred Hansen: Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Chad 13: Olaf Bachmann;Catherine Guicherd: Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Republic of the Congo 14: Timothy Stapleton: Nigeria 15: Arthur Banga: Burkina Faso and Cote d'Ivoire 16: Marc-André Boisvert: Mali and Niger 17: Naila Salihu;Kwesi Aning: Ghana, Benin, and Togo 18: Mamadou Diouma Bah: Guinea and Guinea-Bissau 19: Maggie Dwyer;Jahara Matisek: The Gambia and Senegal 20: Osman Gbla: Liberia and Sierra Leone 21: Abel Esterhuyse;Evert Jordaan: South Africa 22: Pedro Seabra;Vasco Martins: Angola 23: Enock Ndawana: Zimbabwe and Mozambique 24: Bafumiki Mocheregwa: Namibia and Botswana 25: Lee M. Habasonda: Malawi and Zambia 26: Bheki Dlamini;Mokete Pherudi: Eswatini and Lesotho Part II Sub-Regional, Regional, and International Organizations 27: Delidji Eric Degila;Mustapha Osman Elamin: The African Union 28: Thomas Mandrup: East African Community 29: Victor Adetula: Economic Community of West African States 30: Anthoni van Nieuwkerk: Southern African Development Community 31: Niagalé Bagayoko;Nina Wilén: United Nations 32: Gorm Rye Olsen: The European Union Part III Security Challenges and Strategic Responses 33: Lansana Gberie: Interstate Conflict 34: Akali Omeni: State Failure and Civil Wars 35: Malte Brosig: Peacekeeping 36: Usman A. Tar;Sasilkar Banu: Terrorism in Africa 37: Adewunmi J. Falode;Babajimi O. Faseke: Transnational Crime 38: Francois Vreÿ;Mark Blaine: Maritime Security 39: Ryan Shaffer: Intelligence 40: Jabu Mtsweni;Mphahlela Thaba: Cyberwarfare 41: Damilola S. Olawuyi: Natural Resources and Environmental Security 42: Ulrich Petersohn: Commercial Military Actors

A critical addition to an understudied topic, the Handbook explores Post—Cold War African armed forces and security strategies during a period of renewed great power interest in the continent. Unlike earlier studies, which have focused on external actors and international, regional, and sub-regional organisations, the Handbook adopts an African-centric approach that emphasizes African perspectives and agency from the bottom up. The case studies, authored by both African and international experts, include data at the local and national levels from all regions of the continent and present new information that must be understood if African defence and security concerns are to be addressed successfully.