The Fascists and the Jews of Italy

Michael A. Livingston is Professor of Law at the Rutgers School of Law, Camden. Professor Livingston has published extensively on tax law, comparative law, and other subjects, including articles in the Yale Law Journal, the Cornell Law Review, the Texas Law Review, and the American Journal of Comparative Law. He has taught at Tel Aviv University, Bar Ilan University, the University of Graz and Cornell University, and has lectured at various universities in Italy, Israel, and the United States. Professor Livingston's course on law and the Holocaust, which has been taught in three different countries, is one of the few of its kind in American law schools.

• 1. Introduction: on the historical significance of the Leggi Razziali; 2. Legislation: race, religion, and the 'Italian Model' of anti-Semitism; 3. Administration: expansion, evasion, and the problem of institutional conflict; 4. Adjudication: theory, practice, and the role of judicial personality; 5. The daily plebiscite: how local officials and ordinary Italians responded to the race laws; 6. From perpetrators to victims: the question of Jewish responses; 7. Conclusion: implications of the study for Italy, the legal profession, and the study of racial statutes.

'Michael A. Livingston brilliantly explores the legal framework, case-level operation, and ominous consequences of Fascist Italy's racial laws from their introduction in 1938 to the regime's destruction in 1943. He offers original and often disturbing perspectives on the legal-bureaucratic mechanisms of the Holocaust, the character of modern Italy, and the rule of law. Livingston's analysis is unrivalled in conceptual sophistication, mastery of the relevant legal scholarship, profound knowledge of the historical literature, and painstaking archival research. The Fascists and the Jews of Italy is a splendid introduction to issues that remain unresolved - a full seventy years after Fascist Italy's ignominious end.' MacGregor Knox, Stevenson Professor of International History Emeritus, London School of Economics and Political Science