• 1. Introduction; 2. Fire; 3. Blood; 4. Makers; 5. Anghiari; 6. Gifts; 7. Water; 8. References.

'Scholars will enjoy this small but informative book on the banners and flags of the medieval, Renaissance, and Early Modern periods. This is especially so since Gagné and McCall discuss banners' physicality and functions, as well as the ideas and associations they generated … What really stands out, however, is the explication of the variegated ideas associated with banners, such as spolia, status markers, alliance-solidifying gifts, communitarian expressions, territorial possession, and objects having religious and apotropaic qualities. The authors nicely move the discussion beyond the Continent as Europeans encounter the flags and pennants of America's Indigenous peoples, as well as those of Japan … Recommended.' R. T. Ingoglia, Choice