Wolter Lemstra is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Technology, Policy and Management at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Communication, Media and Information Technologies at Aalborg University, Denmark. He has 25 years of experience in the telecom sector and has occupied senior management positions in various telecoms technology firms. His current research is focussed on telecommunication sector governance, industry structure developments, firm strategic behaviour and innovation trajectories. William H. Melody is Guest Professor at the Center for Communication, Media and Information Technology (CMI), Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark. He is Emeritus Professor, Economics of Infrastructures at the Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, and Emeritus Director, Learning Initiatives on Reforms for Network Economies (LIRNE.NET). He has participated in telecom and ICT research and policy development in all regions of the world.

• Foreword; Preface; 1. Introduction Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; 2. Research context and perspective Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; Part I. European Union Context: 3. The influence of European Union policies and regulation Richard Cawley; Part II. Case Studies: 4. The Netherlands Wolter Lemstra; 5. Belgium: Flanders Marlies van der Wee, Sofie Verbrugge and Reinhard Laroy; 6. Denmark Anders Henten and Morten Falch; 7. Sweden Marco Forzati and Crister Mattson; 8. Germany Juan Rendon Schneir and Olga Batura; 9. United Kingdom Richard Cadman; 10. Italy Davide Gallino, Claudio Leporelli and Alberto Nucciarelli; 11. France Audrey Loridan-Baudrier; 12. Spain Claudio Feijóo, José-Luis Gómez-Barroso, Rafael Coomonte and Sergio Ramos; 13. Greece Anastasia Constantelou; 14. Poland Iwona Windekilde and Piotr Ładny; 15. Latvia Andris Virtmanis and Edvins Karnitis; Part III. Analysis: 16. Cross-case analysis Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; Appendices: Appendix 1. Glossary Wolter Lemstra; Appendix 2. Quantitative analysis of broadband performance Wolter Lemstra; Index.

'After two decades of regulatory convergence the major global regions have pursued more differentiated paths during the past decade. In contrast to the US which adopted a framework steeped in minimally regulated markets and the government-centric approaches of many Asian nations, the EU has pursued a hybrid model combining competition, regulation and forms of industrial policy intervention. The national diversity that exists within the common European framework constitutes a natural experiment from which important lessons can be learned. The case studies assembled and expertly analyzed in this volume provide unique insights into the diversity of policy models across the EU, the effects of these choices for sector performance, and options for pursuing the ambitious goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe.' Johannes M. Bauer, Michigan State University and Chair, Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, 2010–13

Wolter Lemstra is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Technology, Policy and Management at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Communication, Media and Information Technologies at Aalborg University, Denmark. He has 25 years of experience in the telecom sector and has occupied senior management positions in various telecoms technology firms. His current research is focussed on telecommunication sector governance, industry structure developments, firm strategic behaviour and innovation trajectories. William H. Melody is Guest Professor at the Center for Communication, Media and Information Technology (CMI), Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark. He is Emeritus Professor, Economics of Infrastructures at the Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, and Emeritus Director, Learning Initiatives on Reforms for Network Economies (LIRNE.NET). He has participated in telecom and ICT research and policy development in all regions of the world.

• Foreword; Preface; 1. Introduction Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; 2. Research context and perspective Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; Part I. European Union Context: 3. The influence of European Union policies and regulation Richard Cawley; Part II. Case Studies: 4. The Netherlands Wolter Lemstra; 5. Belgium: Flanders Marlies van der Wee, Sofie Verbrugge and Reinhard Laroy; 6. Denmark Anders Henten and Morten Falch; 7. Sweden Marco Forzati and Crister Mattson; 8. Germany Juan Rendon Schneir and Olga Batura; 9. United Kingdom Richard Cadman; 10. Italy Davide Gallino, Claudio Leporelli and Alberto Nucciarelli; 11. France Audrey Loridan-Baudrier; 12. Spain Claudio Feijóo, José-Luis Gómez-Barroso, Rafael Coomonte and Sergio Ramos; 13. Greece Anastasia Constantelou; 14. Poland Iwona Windekilde and Piotr Ładny; 15. Latvia Andris Virtmanis and Edvins Karnitis; Part III. Analysis: 16. Cross-case analysis Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; Appendices: Appendix 1. Glossary Wolter Lemstra; Appendix 2. Quantitative analysis of broadband performance Wolter Lemstra; Index.

'After two decades of regulatory convergence the major global regions have pursued more differentiated paths during the past decade. In contrast to the US which adopted a framework steeped in minimally regulated markets and the government-centric approaches of many Asian nations, the EU has pursued a hybrid model combining competition, regulation and forms of industrial policy intervention. The national diversity that exists within the common European framework constitutes a natural experiment from which important lessons can be learned. The case studies assembled and expertly analyzed in this volume provide unique insights into the diversity of policy models across the EU, the effects of these choices for sector performance, and options for pursuing the ambitious goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe.' Johannes M. Bauer, Michigan State University and Chair, Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, 2010–13

Wolter Lemstra is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Technology, Policy and Management at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Communication, Media and Information Technologies at Aalborg University, Denmark. He has 25 years of experience in the telecom sector and has occupied senior management positions in various telecoms technology firms. His current research is focussed on telecommunication sector governance, industry structure developments, firm strategic behaviour and innovation trajectories. William H. Melody is Guest Professor at the Center for Communication, Media and Information Technology (CMI), Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark. He is Emeritus Professor, Economics of Infrastructures at the Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, and Emeritus Director, Learning Initiatives on Reforms for Network Economies (LIRNE.NET). He has participated in telecom and ICT research and policy development in all regions of the world.

• Foreword; Preface; 1. Introduction Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; 2. Research context and perspective Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; Part I. European Union Context: 3. The influence of European Union policies and regulation Richard Cawley; Part II. Case Studies: 4. The Netherlands Wolter Lemstra; 5. Belgium: Flanders Marlies van der Wee, Sofie Verbrugge and Reinhard Laroy; 6. Denmark Anders Henten and Morten Falch; 7. Sweden Marco Forzati and Crister Mattson; 8. Germany Juan Rendon Schneir and Olga Batura; 9. United Kingdom Richard Cadman; 10. Italy Davide Gallino, Claudio Leporelli and Alberto Nucciarelli; 11. France Audrey Loridan-Baudrier; 12. Spain Claudio Feijóo, José-Luis Gómez-Barroso, Rafael Coomonte and Sergio Ramos; 13. Greece Anastasia Constantelou; 14. Poland Iwona Windekilde and Piotr Ładny; 15. Latvia Andris Virtmanis and Edvins Karnitis; Part III. Analysis: 16. Cross-case analysis Wolter Lemstra and William H. Melody; Appendices: Appendix 1. Glossary Wolter Lemstra; Appendix 2. Quantitative analysis of broadband performance Wolter Lemstra; Index.

'After two decades of regulatory convergence the major global regions have pursued more differentiated paths during the past decade. In contrast to the US which adopted a framework steeped in minimally regulated markets and the government-centric approaches of many Asian nations, the EU has pursued a hybrid model combining competition, regulation and forms of industrial policy intervention. The national diversity that exists within the common European framework constitutes a natural experiment from which important lessons can be learned. The case studies assembled and expertly analyzed in this volume provide unique insights into the diversity of policy models across the EU, the effects of these choices for sector performance, and options for pursuing the ambitious goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe.' Johannes M. Bauer, Michigan State University and Chair, Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, 2010–13