The Drake Equation

Douglas A. Vakoch is Director of Interstellar Message Composition at the SETI Institute and Professor of Clinical Psychology at the California Institute of Integral Studies. He also serves as chair of the International Academy of Astronautics Study Group on Interstellar Message Construction, and has edited numerous books in the field of astrobiology and space exploration. Matthew F. Dowd is an editor at the University of Notre Dame Press and teaches periodically on the Program of Liberal Studies. He has been instrumental in organizing Notre Dame's biennial History of Astronomy conferences and in 2011 received the Adler-Mansfield Prize for contributions to the history of astronomy.

• List of contributors; Foreword Frank Drake; Preface; Acknowledgements; Introduction Steven Dick; 1. Rate of formation of stars suitable for the development of intelligent life, R*, pre-1961 David DeVorkin; 2. Rate of formation of stars suitable for the development of intelligent life, R*, 1961 to the present Patrick François and Danielle Briot; 3. Fraction of stars with planetary systems, fp, pre-1961 Matthew F. Dowd; 4. Fraction of stars with planetary systems, fp, 1961 to the present Chris Impey; 5. Number of planets, per solar system, with an environment suitable for life, ne, pre-1961 Florence Raulin Cerceau; 6. Number of planets, per solar system, with an environment suitable for life, ne, 1961 to the present Danielle Briot and Jean Schneider; 7. Fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears, fl, pre-1961 Stephané Tirard; 8. Fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears, fl, 1961 to the present David J. Des Marais; 9. Fraction of life-bearing planets on which intelligent life emerges, fl, pre-1961 Michael Crowe; 10. Fraction of life-bearing planets on which intelligent life emerges, fl, 1961 to the present Lori Marino; 11. Fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space, fc, pre-1961 Florence Raulin Cerceau; 12. Fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space, fc, 1961 to the present Seth Shostak; 13. Length of time such civilizations release detectable signals into space, L, pre-1961 David Dunér; 14. Length of time such civilizations release detectable signals into space, L, 1961 to the present Garry Chick; Afterword Paul Davies; Index.

'Now, over a half century after Drake's original formulation, Douglas Vakoch and Matthew Dowd have brought together a group of scholars to assess the equation's place in the history of astrobiology … the Drake equation may reveal as much about the historical epistemology of science as it does about the ongoing search for a way to communicate with intelligent life in the universe.' Greg Eghigian, Isis