Jennifer Cabrelli is Associate Professor in the Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies at the University of Illinois, Chicago. Adel Chaouch-Orozco is Research Assistant Professor at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Jorge González Alonso is Senior Researcher at the Nebrija Research Center in Cognition (CINC), Spain, and the AcqVA Aurora Research Center, Norway. Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares is Postdoctoral Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Netherlands. Eloi Puig-Mayenco is Lecturer in the School of Education, Communication and Society at King's College London, and is a member of the Centre for Language, Discourse and Communication. Jason Rothman is Professor of Linguistics at UiT The Arctic University of Norway and Adjunct Professor of Cognitive Science at Nebrija University, Madrid.

• 1. Multilingualism: language, brain and cognition Jennifer Cabrelli, Adel Chaouch-Orozco, Jorge González Alonso, Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares, Eloi Puig-Mayenco and Jason Rothman; Part I. Theoretical approaches to L3/Ln: 2. Generative approaches Jorge González Alonso; 3. Usage-based approaches Alfonso Morales-Front and Cristina Sanz; 4. Dynamic systems theory approaches Ulrike Jessner; 5. Sociolinguistic approaches Melissa Moyer; Part II. L3/Ln across linguistic domains: 6. Exploring the acquisition of L3 phonology: challenges, new insights and future directions Magdalena Wrembel; 7. Characteristics of the L3 lexicon Christina Lindqvist and Ylva Falk; 8. Processing words in a multilingual lexicon Kristin Lemhöfer; 9. Full transfer in L3/Ln morphosyntax: evidence from two clusters of studies Eloi Puig-Mayenco; 10. Full transfer potential in L3/Ln acquisition: crosslinguistic influence as a property-by-property process Marit Westergaard, Natalia Mitrofanova, Yulia Rodina and Roumyana Slabakova; 11. The acquisition and processing of pragmatics in multilinguals and third language learners Kyriakos Antoniou and Orestis Michaelides; Part III. Becoming and staying multilingual at different ages: 12. 3L1 acquisition during childhood Tanja Kupisch; 13. Multilingualism and education in adulthood Carmen Pérez Vidal and Helena Roquet; 14. Language attrition and L3/Ln Jennifer Cabrelli; 15. Heritage speakers as L3 acquirers Anika Lloyd-Smith and Tanja Kupisch; 16. The effects of environment change on third languages: the case of returnees Cristina Flores and Maki Kubota; Part IV. L3/Ln in action: 17. Theoretical linguistic approaches to multilingual code-switching Maria del Carmen Parafita Couto, Kate Bellamy and Felix Ameka; 18. The psycholinguistics of multilingual code-switching Jorge Valdés Kroff, Souad Kheder, Aleksandra Tomic and Edith Kaan; 19. L3/Ln acquisition in the classroom: how to connect theory and practice Tanja Angelovska and Angela Hahn; 20. Diversity in multilingual learners: how variation in learners and contexts for learning shape the acquisition and processing of an L3/Ln Judith Kroll and Tamar Degani; Part V. L3/Ln and cognition: 21. Effects of multilingualism on executive functioning Ashley Chung-Fat-Yiim, Sayuri Hayakawa and Viorica Marian; 22. Multilingualism and cognitive reserve Noelia Calvo and Ellen Bialystok; 23. Structural and functional changes in the multilingual brain Jia'en Yee, Vincent DeLuca and Christos Pliatsikas; 24. Mechanisms of cognitive ageing and multilingualism Katarina Antolovic, Eve Higby and Loraine Obler; 25. Multilingualism and language impairment Mira Goral and Talita Fortunato-Tavares; Part VI. Research methods in L3/Ln: 26. Innovations and challenges in acquisition and processing methodologies for L3/Ln Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares, Adel Chaouch-Orozco and Jorge González Alonso; 27. Corpus research Stefanie Wulff; 28. Case study research in multilingual contexts Björn Hammarberg; 29. Using artificial linguistic systems to study third language acquisition and processing Sarah Grey; 30. Statistical modelling in L3/Ln acquisition Guilherme Duarte Garcia.

Jennifer Cabrelli is Associate Professor in the Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies at the University of Illinois, Chicago. Adel Chaouch-Orozco is Research Assistant Professor at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Jorge González Alonso is Senior Researcher at the Nebrija Research Center in Cognition (CINC), Spain, and the AcqVA Aurora Research Center, Norway. Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares is Postdoctoral Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Netherlands. Eloi Puig-Mayenco is Lecturer in the School of Education, Communication and Society at King's College London, and is a member of the Centre for Language, Discourse and Communication. Jason Rothman is Professor of Linguistics at UiT The Arctic University of Norway and Adjunct Professor of Cognitive Science at Nebrija University, Madrid.

• 1. Multilingualism: language, brain and cognition Jennifer Cabrelli, Adel Chaouch-Orozco, Jorge González Alonso, Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares, Eloi Puig-Mayenco and Jason Rothman; Part I. Theoretical approaches to L3/Ln: 2. Generative approaches Jorge González Alonso; 3. Usage-based approaches Alfonso Morales-Front and Cristina Sanz; 4. Dynamic systems theory approaches Ulrike Jessner; 5. Sociolinguistic approaches Melissa Moyer; Part II. L3/Ln across linguistic domains: 6. Exploring the acquisition of L3 phonology: challenges, new insights and future directions Magdalena Wrembel; 7. Characteristics of the L3 lexicon Christina Lindqvist and Ylva Falk; 8. Processing words in a multilingual lexicon Kristin Lemhöfer; 9. Full transfer in L3/Ln morphosyntax: evidence from two clusters of studies Eloi Puig-Mayenco; 10. Full transfer potential in L3/Ln acquisition: crosslinguistic influence as a property-by-property process Marit Westergaard, Natalia Mitrofanova, Yulia Rodina and Roumyana Slabakova; 11. The acquisition and processing of pragmatics in multilinguals and third language learners Kyriakos Antoniou and Orestis Michaelides; Part III. Becoming and staying multilingual at different ages: 12. 3L1 acquisition during childhood Tanja Kupisch; 13. Multilingualism and education in adulthood Carmen Pérez Vidal and Helena Roquet; 14. Language attrition and L3/Ln Jennifer Cabrelli; 15. Heritage speakers as L3 acquirers Anika Lloyd-Smith and Tanja Kupisch; 16. The effects of environment change on third languages: the case of returnees Cristina Flores and Maki Kubota; Part IV. L3/Ln in action: 17. Theoretical linguistic approaches to multilingual code-switching Maria del Carmen Parafita Couto, Kate Bellamy and Felix Ameka; 18. The psycholinguistics of multilingual code-switching Jorge Valdés Kroff, Souad Kheder, Aleksandra Tomic and Edith Kaan; 19. L3/Ln acquisition in the classroom: how to connect theory and practice Tanja Angelovska and Angela Hahn; 20. Diversity in multilingual learners: how variation in learners and contexts for learning shape the acquisition and processing of an L3/Ln Judith Kroll and Tamar Degani; Part V. L3/Ln and cognition: 21. Effects of multilingualism on executive functioning Ashley Chung-Fat-Yiim, Sayuri Hayakawa and Viorica Marian; 22. Multilingualism and cognitive reserve Noelia Calvo and Ellen Bialystok; 23. Structural and functional changes in the multilingual brain Jia'en Yee, Vincent DeLuca and Christos Pliatsikas; 24. Mechanisms of cognitive ageing and multilingualism Katarina Antolovic, Eve Higby and Loraine Obler; 25. Multilingualism and language impairment Mira Goral and Talita Fortunato-Tavares; Part VI. Research methods in L3/Ln: 26. Innovations and challenges in acquisition and processing methodologies for L3/Ln Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares, Adel Chaouch-Orozco and Jorge González Alonso; 27. Corpus research Stefanie Wulff; 28. Case study research in multilingual contexts Björn Hammarberg; 29. Using artificial linguistic systems to study third language acquisition and processing Sarah Grey; 30. Statistical modelling in L3/Ln acquisition Guilherme Duarte Garcia.

Jennifer Cabrelli is Associate Professor in the Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies at the University of Illinois, Chicago. Adel Chaouch-Orozco is Research Assistant Professor at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Jorge González Alonso is Senior Researcher at the Nebrija Research Center in Cognition (CINC), Spain, and the AcqVA Aurora Research Center, Norway. Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares is Postdoctoral Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Netherlands. Eloi Puig-Mayenco is Lecturer in the School of Education, Communication and Society at King's College London, and is a member of the Centre for Language, Discourse and Communication. Jason Rothman is Professor of Linguistics at UiT The Arctic University of Norway and Adjunct Professor of Cognitive Science at Nebrija University, Madrid.

• 1. Multilingualism: language, brain and cognition Jennifer Cabrelli, Adel Chaouch-Orozco, Jorge González Alonso, Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares, Eloi Puig-Mayenco and Jason Rothman; Part I. Theoretical approaches to L3/Ln: 2. Generative approaches Jorge González Alonso; 3. Usage-based approaches Alfonso Morales-Front and Cristina Sanz; 4. Dynamic systems theory approaches Ulrike Jessner; 5. Sociolinguistic approaches Melissa Moyer; Part II. L3/Ln across linguistic domains: 6. Exploring the acquisition of L3 phonology: challenges, new insights and future directions Magdalena Wrembel; 7. Characteristics of the L3 lexicon Christina Lindqvist and Ylva Falk; 8. Processing words in a multilingual lexicon Kristin Lemhöfer; 9. Full transfer in L3/Ln morphosyntax: evidence from two clusters of studies Eloi Puig-Mayenco; 10. Full transfer potential in L3/Ln acquisition: crosslinguistic influence as a property-by-property process Marit Westergaard, Natalia Mitrofanova, Yulia Rodina and Roumyana Slabakova; 11. The acquisition and processing of pragmatics in multilinguals and third language learners Kyriakos Antoniou and Orestis Michaelides; Part III. Becoming and staying multilingual at different ages: 12. 3L1 acquisition during childhood Tanja Kupisch; 13. Multilingualism and education in adulthood Carmen Pérez Vidal and Helena Roquet; 14. Language attrition and L3/Ln Jennifer Cabrelli; 15. Heritage speakers as L3 acquirers Anika Lloyd-Smith and Tanja Kupisch; 16. The effects of environment change on third languages: the case of returnees Cristina Flores and Maki Kubota; Part IV. L3/Ln in action: 17. Theoretical linguistic approaches to multilingual code-switching Maria del Carmen Parafita Couto, Kate Bellamy and Felix Ameka; 18. The psycholinguistics of multilingual code-switching Jorge Valdés Kroff, Souad Kheder, Aleksandra Tomic and Edith Kaan; 19. L3/Ln acquisition in the classroom: how to connect theory and practice Tanja Angelovska and Angela Hahn; 20. Diversity in multilingual learners: how variation in learners and contexts for learning shape the acquisition and processing of an L3/Ln Judith Kroll and Tamar Degani; Part V. L3/Ln and cognition: 21. Effects of multilingualism on executive functioning Ashley Chung-Fat-Yiim, Sayuri Hayakawa and Viorica Marian; 22. Multilingualism and cognitive reserve Noelia Calvo and Ellen Bialystok; 23. Structural and functional changes in the multilingual brain Jia'en Yee, Vincent DeLuca and Christos Pliatsikas; 24. Mechanisms of cognitive ageing and multilingualism Katarina Antolovic, Eve Higby and Loraine Obler; 25. Multilingualism and language impairment Mira Goral and Talita Fortunato-Tavares; Part VI. Research methods in L3/Ln: 26. Innovations and challenges in acquisition and processing methodologies for L3/Ln Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares, Adel Chaouch-Orozco and Jorge González Alonso; 27. Corpus research Stefanie Wulff; 28. Case study research in multilingual contexts Björn Hammarberg; 29. Using artificial linguistic systems to study third language acquisition and processing Sarah Grey; 30. Statistical modelling in L3/Ln acquisition Guilherme Duarte Garcia.