Joanna Spear is Research Professor of International Affairs at George Washington University. She works on armaments, arms sales, and arms control issues and is the author of Carter and Arms Sales (1995).

• List of figures; List of tables; Acknowledgements; List of acronyms; Introduction: British armament firms' independence and power; Part I: Selling at Home: 1. Armstrongs and Vickers become armaments firms: the challenges they faced and the strategies they developed; 2. Selling armaments in Britain 1860–1900: Armstrongs rises and Vickers evolves; 3. Selling Armaments in Britain 1901–1918: Vickers rises and Armstrongs responds; 4. Selling armaments in Britain 1919–1935: Inter-war struggles and Vickers-Armstrongs is born; 5. Selling armaments in Britain 1936–1955: Vickers-Armstrongs and the challenges of wartime and peacetime; Part II: Selling Abroad: 6. Foreign policies for selling armaments to South America; 7. Foreign policies for selling armaments to Asia; 8. Foreign policies for selling arms to the Ottoman Empire/Turkey; 9. Conclusions: assessing Armstrongs and Vickers' independence and power vis. the British state – a military industrial complex?; Bibliography; Index.

Joanna Spear is Research Professor of International Affairs at George Washington University. She works on armaments, arms sales, and arms control issues and is the author of Carter and Arms Sales (1995).

• List of figures; List of tables; Acknowledgements; List of acronyms; Introduction: British armament firms' independence and power; Part I: Selling at Home: 1. Armstrongs and Vickers become armaments firms: the challenges they faced and the strategies they developed; 2. Selling armaments in Britain 1860–1900: Armstrongs rises and Vickers evolves; 3. Selling Armaments in Britain 1901–1918: Vickers rises and Armstrongs responds; 4. Selling armaments in Britain 1919–1935: Inter-war struggles and Vickers-Armstrongs is born; 5. Selling armaments in Britain 1936–1955: Vickers-Armstrongs and the challenges of wartime and peacetime; Part II: Selling Abroad: 6. Foreign policies for selling armaments to South America; 7. Foreign policies for selling armaments to Asia; 8. Foreign policies for selling arms to the Ottoman Empire/Turkey; 9. Conclusions: assessing Armstrongs and Vickers' independence and power vis. the British state – a military industrial complex?; Bibliography; Index.

Joanna Spear is Research Professor of International Affairs at George Washington University. She works on armaments, arms sales, and arms control issues and is the author of Carter and Arms Sales (1995).

• List of figures; List of tables; Acknowledgements; List of acronyms; Introduction: British armament firms' independence and power; Part I: Selling at Home: 1. Armstrongs and Vickers become armaments firms: the challenges they faced and the strategies they developed; 2. Selling armaments in Britain 1860–1900: Armstrongs rises and Vickers evolves; 3. Selling Armaments in Britain 1901–1918: Vickers rises and Armstrongs responds; 4. Selling armaments in Britain 1919–1935: Inter-war struggles and Vickers-Armstrongs is born; 5. Selling armaments in Britain 1936–1955: Vickers-Armstrongs and the challenges of wartime and peacetime; Part II: Selling Abroad: 6. Foreign policies for selling armaments to South America; 7. Foreign policies for selling armaments to Asia; 8. Foreign policies for selling arms to the Ottoman Empire/Turkey; 9. Conclusions: assessing Armstrongs and Vickers' independence and power vis. the British state – a military industrial complex?; Bibliography; Index.