MICHAEL D. RICHARDS is Samford Professor of History at Sweet Briar College. He is the coauthor of Twentieth-Century Europe: A Brief History (1998) and has written for a number of reference works. In addition to articles and book reviews for scholarly publications, he writes op-ed pieces for the History News Service and his work has appeared in a number of newspapers around the country.PHILIP F. RILEY teaches in the Department of History at James Madison University. He is coauthor of The Global Experience: Readings in World History (1987) and many articles on European history. He is a recipient of the James Madison University Distinguished Teaching Award.

• Preface One Hundred Important Events in 20th Century World History The First Manned Flight, 1903 The Revolution of 1905 in Russia Pablo Picasso and Cubism, 1907 The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920 The 1911 Revolution in China The Suffrage Movement in Britain before World War I, 1906-1914 The Battle of the Somme, 1916 The French Army Mutinies, 1917 The Home Front in World War I, 1914-1918 The 1917 Russian Revolution The Paris Peace Conference, 1919 The May 4th Movement in China, 1919 The British Mandate of Palestine, 1922 The New Economic Policy (NEP) in Russia, 1921-1928 Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the Founding of the Republic of Turkey, 1923 The Northern Expedition in China, 1926-1928 Mao Zedong's "Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan, March 1927" Alexander Fleming and the Discovery of Penicillin, 1928 Sigmund Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents, 1930 Gandhi's Salt March, 1930 The Bauhaus in Weimar Germany, 1919-1933 The Great Depression in the 1930s Stalin's First Five-Year Plan, 1928-1932 The Nazi "Seizure of Power" in 1933 Mao Zedong and the Long March, 1934-1935 General Broadcasting of Television in England, 1936 Kita Ikki and Ultranationalism in Japan, 1936-1937 The Rape of Nanking, 1937 The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 The Munich Agreement, 1938 Kristallnacht: (The Night of Broken Glass), 1938 The Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939 The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-1943 The Holocaust, 1941-1945 D-Day, 1944 The Yalta Conference, 1945 The Use of Atomic Bombs in World War II, 1945 The Establishment of the United Nations, 1945 The Invention of the Computer, 1944-1946 Juan Peron and Argentine Politics, 1946-1955 Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnamese War against the French, 1946-1954 The Independence of India and Pakistan, 1947 The Establishment of the State of Israel, 1948 The Marshall Plan (The European Recovery Act), 1948-1951 The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-1949 The Victory of the Chinese Communist Party, 1949 The Japanese Economic Miracle in the 1950s The Korean War, 1950-1953 The Discovery of the Double Helical Structure of DNA, 1953 The Guatemalan Coup, 1954 Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" at the Twentieth Party Congress, 1956 Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Suez Crisis, 1956 The Hungarian Revolution, 1956 Kwame Nkrumah and the Independence of Ghana, 1957 The Founding of the European Economic Community, 1957 France and the Algerian Revolution, 1954-1962 Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution, 1959 Apartheid in South Africa from the 1950s to the 1970s The Berlin Wall, 1961 The Sino-Soviet Split, 1959-1969 The "Green Revolution" in Agriculture in the 1960s Yuri Gagarin, the First Man in Space, 1961 Vatican II, 1962-1965 The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 The Beatles, 1964 The Six-Day War, 1967 Civil War in Nigeria (Biafra), 1967-1970 The 1968 Tet Offensive May 1968 in France The Prague Spring, 1968 Northern Ireland and "The Troubles," 1969-1998 Pol Pot and the Cambodian Incursion, 1970-1978 The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China, 1966-1976 SALT I Agreement, 1972 OPEC and the Oil Price Shock, 1973 The Overthrow of Salvador Allende in Chile, 1973 The Helsinki Accords, 1975 Terrorism in the 1970s First "Test-Tube" Baby Born, 1978 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution, 1979 Margaret Thatcher and the Conservative Revolution in Britain, 1979-1990 Solidarity in Poland, 1980-1990 The Spread of AIDS in the 1980s The Israeli Invasion of Lebanon, 1982 The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988 Chernobyl, 1986 The Montreal Protocol, 1987 The Sandinistas and the Contras in Nicaragua, 1981-1989 Vaclav Havel and the "Velvet Revolution," 1989 German Reunification, 1989-1990 The Breakup of the Soviet Union, 1991 Nelson Mandela and the End of Apartheid in South Africa, 1989-1994 The Dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio Genocide in Rwanda, 1994 Dolly the Sheep Cloned, 1997 The Asian Economic Meltdown at the End of the 1990s John Paul II's First Twenty Years as Pope 1978-1999 The Internet in the 1990s The Chinese Economy at the End of the Twentieth Century Index

MICHAEL D. RICHARDS is Samford Professor of History at Sweet Briar College. He is the coauthor of Twentieth-Century Europe: A Brief History (1998) and has written for a number of reference works. In addition to articles and book reviews for scholarly publications, he writes op-ed pieces for the History News Service and his work has appeared in a number of newspapers around the country.PHILIP F. RILEY teaches in the Department of History at James Madison University. He is coauthor of The Global Experience: Readings in World History (1987) and many articles on European history. He is a recipient of the James Madison University Distinguished Teaching Award.

• Preface One Hundred Important Events in 20th Century World History The First Manned Flight, 1903 The Revolution of 1905 in Russia Pablo Picasso and Cubism, 1907 The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920 The 1911 Revolution in China The Suffrage Movement in Britain before World War I, 1906-1914 The Battle of the Somme, 1916 The French Army Mutinies, 1917 The Home Front in World War I, 1914-1918 The 1917 Russian Revolution The Paris Peace Conference, 1919 The May 4th Movement in China, 1919 The British Mandate of Palestine, 1922 The New Economic Policy (NEP) in Russia, 1921-1928 Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the Founding of the Republic of Turkey, 1923 The Northern Expedition in China, 1926-1928 Mao Zedong's "Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan, March 1927" Alexander Fleming and the Discovery of Penicillin, 1928 Sigmund Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents, 1930 Gandhi's Salt March, 1930 The Bauhaus in Weimar Germany, 1919-1933 The Great Depression in the 1930s Stalin's First Five-Year Plan, 1928-1932 The Nazi "Seizure of Power" in 1933 Mao Zedong and the Long March, 1934-1935 General Broadcasting of Television in England, 1936 Kita Ikki and Ultranationalism in Japan, 1936-1937 The Rape of Nanking, 1937 The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 The Munich Agreement, 1938 Kristallnacht: (The Night of Broken Glass), 1938 The Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939 The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-1943 The Holocaust, 1941-1945 D-Day, 1944 The Yalta Conference, 1945 The Use of Atomic Bombs in World War II, 1945 The Establishment of the United Nations, 1945 The Invention of the Computer, 1944-1946 Juan Peron and Argentine Politics, 1946-1955 Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnamese War against the French, 1946-1954 The Independence of India and Pakistan, 1947 The Establishment of the State of Israel, 1948 The Marshall Plan (The European Recovery Act), 1948-1951 The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-1949 The Victory of the Chinese Communist Party, 1949 The Japanese Economic Miracle in the 1950s The Korean War, 1950-1953 The Discovery of the Double Helical Structure of DNA, 1953 The Guatemalan Coup, 1954 Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" at the Twentieth Party Congress, 1956 Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Suez Crisis, 1956 The Hungarian Revolution, 1956 Kwame Nkrumah and the Independence of Ghana, 1957 The Founding of the European Economic Community, 1957 France and the Algerian Revolution, 1954-1962 Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution, 1959 Apartheid in South Africa from the 1950s to the 1970s The Berlin Wall, 1961 The Sino-Soviet Split, 1959-1969 The "Green Revolution" in Agriculture in the 1960s Yuri Gagarin, the First Man in Space, 1961 Vatican II, 1962-1965 The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 The Beatles, 1964 The Six-Day War, 1967 Civil War in Nigeria (Biafra), 1967-1970 The 1968 Tet Offensive May 1968 in France The Prague Spring, 1968 Northern Ireland and "The Troubles," 1969-1998 Pol Pot and the Cambodian Incursion, 1970-1978 The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China, 1966-1976 SALT I Agreement, 1972 OPEC and the Oil Price Shock, 1973 The Overthrow of Salvador Allende in Chile, 1973 The Helsinki Accords, 1975 Terrorism in the 1970s First "Test-Tube" Baby Born, 1978 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution, 1979 Margaret Thatcher and the Conservative Revolution in Britain, 1979-1990 Solidarity in Poland, 1980-1990 The Spread of AIDS in the 1980s The Israeli Invasion of Lebanon, 1982 The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988 Chernobyl, 1986 The Montreal Protocol, 1987 The Sandinistas and the Contras in Nicaragua, 1981-1989 Vaclav Havel and the "Velvet Revolution," 1989 German Reunification, 1989-1990 The Breakup of the Soviet Union, 1991 Nelson Mandela and the End of Apartheid in South Africa, 1989-1994 The Dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio Genocide in Rwanda, 1994 Dolly the Sheep Cloned, 1997 The Asian Economic Meltdown at the End of the 1990s John Paul II's First Twenty Years as Pope 1978-1999 The Internet in the 1990s The Chinese Economy at the End of the Twentieth Century Index

MICHAEL D. RICHARDS is Samford Professor of History at Sweet Briar College. He is the coauthor of Twentieth-Century Europe: A Brief History (1998) and has written for a number of reference works. In addition to articles and book reviews for scholarly publications, he writes op-ed pieces for the History News Service and his work has appeared in a number of newspapers around the country.PHILIP F. RILEY teaches in the Department of History at James Madison University. He is coauthor of The Global Experience: Readings in World History (1987) and many articles on European history. He is a recipient of the James Madison University Distinguished Teaching Award.

• Preface One Hundred Important Events in 20th Century World History The First Manned Flight, 1903 The Revolution of 1905 in Russia Pablo Picasso and Cubism, 1907 The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920 The 1911 Revolution in China The Suffrage Movement in Britain before World War I, 1906-1914 The Battle of the Somme, 1916 The French Army Mutinies, 1917 The Home Front in World War I, 1914-1918 The 1917 Russian Revolution The Paris Peace Conference, 1919 The May 4th Movement in China, 1919 The British Mandate of Palestine, 1922 The New Economic Policy (NEP) in Russia, 1921-1928 Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the Founding of the Republic of Turkey, 1923 The Northern Expedition in China, 1926-1928 Mao Zedong's "Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan, March 1927" Alexander Fleming and the Discovery of Penicillin, 1928 Sigmund Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents, 1930 Gandhi's Salt March, 1930 The Bauhaus in Weimar Germany, 1919-1933 The Great Depression in the 1930s Stalin's First Five-Year Plan, 1928-1932 The Nazi "Seizure of Power" in 1933 Mao Zedong and the Long March, 1934-1935 General Broadcasting of Television in England, 1936 Kita Ikki and Ultranationalism in Japan, 1936-1937 The Rape of Nanking, 1937 The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 The Munich Agreement, 1938 Kristallnacht: (The Night of Broken Glass), 1938 The Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939 The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-1943 The Holocaust, 1941-1945 D-Day, 1944 The Yalta Conference, 1945 The Use of Atomic Bombs in World War II, 1945 The Establishment of the United Nations, 1945 The Invention of the Computer, 1944-1946 Juan Peron and Argentine Politics, 1946-1955 Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnamese War against the French, 1946-1954 The Independence of India and Pakistan, 1947 The Establishment of the State of Israel, 1948 The Marshall Plan (The European Recovery Act), 1948-1951 The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-1949 The Victory of the Chinese Communist Party, 1949 The Japanese Economic Miracle in the 1950s The Korean War, 1950-1953 The Discovery of the Double Helical Structure of DNA, 1953 The Guatemalan Coup, 1954 Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" at the Twentieth Party Congress, 1956 Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Suez Crisis, 1956 The Hungarian Revolution, 1956 Kwame Nkrumah and the Independence of Ghana, 1957 The Founding of the European Economic Community, 1957 France and the Algerian Revolution, 1954-1962 Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution, 1959 Apartheid in South Africa from the 1950s to the 1970s The Berlin Wall, 1961 The Sino-Soviet Split, 1959-1969 The "Green Revolution" in Agriculture in the 1960s Yuri Gagarin, the First Man in Space, 1961 Vatican II, 1962-1965 The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 The Beatles, 1964 The Six-Day War, 1967 Civil War in Nigeria (Biafra), 1967-1970 The 1968 Tet Offensive May 1968 in France The Prague Spring, 1968 Northern Ireland and "The Troubles," 1969-1998 Pol Pot and the Cambodian Incursion, 1970-1978 The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China, 1966-1976 SALT I Agreement, 1972 OPEC and the Oil Price Shock, 1973 The Overthrow of Salvador Allende in Chile, 1973 The Helsinki Accords, 1975 Terrorism in the 1970s First "Test-Tube" Baby Born, 1978 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution, 1979 Margaret Thatcher and the Conservative Revolution in Britain, 1979-1990 Solidarity in Poland, 1980-1990 The Spread of AIDS in the 1980s The Israeli Invasion of Lebanon, 1982 The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988 Chernobyl, 1986 The Montreal Protocol, 1987 The Sandinistas and the Contras in Nicaragua, 1981-1989 Vaclav Havel and the "Velvet Revolution," 1989 German Reunification, 1989-1990 The Breakup of the Soviet Union, 1991 Nelson Mandela and the End of Apartheid in South Africa, 1989-1994 The Dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio Genocide in Rwanda, 1994 Dolly the Sheep Cloned, 1997 The Asian Economic Meltdown at the End of the 1990s John Paul II's First Twenty Years as Pope 1978-1999 The Internet in the 1990s The Chinese Economy at the End of the Twentieth Century Index