Pirkko Pitkänen is Professor of Educational Policy and Multicultural Education and Research Manager of the Research Centre on Transnationalism and Transformation (TRANSIT) at the University of Tampere, Finland.Tomoko Hayakawa is a researcher at the University of Tampere, Finland. She holds a PhD in Social Anthropology from University College London, UK.Kerstin Schmidt is a senior researcher at the Faculty of Sociology at Bielefeld University, Germany.Mustafa Aksakal is a senior researcher at Bielefeld University, Germany.S. Irudaya Rajan is Professor at the Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, India.