Steve F. Krar spent 15 years in the trade, first as a machinist and finally as a tool and die maker. After this period, he entered Teachers’ College and graduated from the University of Toronto with a Specialist’s Certificate in Machine Shop Practice. During these 20 years of teaching, Mr. Krar was active in vocational and technical education and served on the executive committee of many educational organizations. For 10 years, he was on the summer staff of the College of Education, University of Toronto, involved in teacher training programs. Active in machine tool associations, Steve Krar is a Life Member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers and former associate director of the GE Superabrasives Partnership for Manufacturing Productivity. He was inducted into the Canadian Manufacturers Hall of Fame in March 2009. Mr. Krar’s continual research over the past 50 years in manufacturing technology has involved many courses with lead- ing world manufacturers and an opportunity to study under Dr. W. Edwards Deming. Mr. Krar spent a week researching Nano- technology at leading research centers, universities, and industry in Switzerland. He is coauthor and consultant of over 80 technical books, such as Machine Shop Training, Machine Tool Operations, CNC Simplified, Superabrasives—Grinding and Machining, Exploring Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, some of which have been translated into 5 languages and used throughout the world. Jonathan A. Gill graduated from high school with an Ontario Secondary School Diploma. He entered Ryerson University in the industrial engineering program and then went into geographical analysis. Mr. Gill attended Humber College for electronics engineering and then spent 2 years at Mohawk College for computer networking and security analysis. Mr. Gill is currently an independent contractor employed by Nexas Networks Inc. as an Applications Engineer and Support Manager, providing factory floor networking and information technology for the aerospace and automotive industry, jobbing shops, and production discrete manufacturing facilities. Mr. Gill assisted the authors with the research, artwork, and final production of manuscript for the textbook Computer Numerical Control Simplified and is coauthor of the book Changing World of Manufacturing. Peter Smid graduated from high school with a specialty in machine shop training. He then entered industry, completed an apprenticeship program, and gained valuable experience as a machinist skilled on all types of machine tools. Mr. Smid immigrated to Canada in 1968 and spent the next 26 years employed in the machine tool industry as a machinist and tool and die maker. In the early 1970s, he became involved in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) as a programmer/operator and devoted the next 18 years to becoming proficient in all aspects of computerized manufacturing. In 1989, he became an independent consultant, and hundreds of companies have used Mr. Smid’s CNC and CAD/CAM skills to improve their manufacturing operations. He also wrote a comprehensive, 500-page CNC programming handbook, which is rapidly becoming the Bible of the trade. In 1995, he became a consultant/professor of Advanced Manufacturing focusing on industrial and customized training in CNC, CAD/CAM, and Agile Manufacturing. His many years of teaching, training, lecturing, and designing curriculum give him the opportunity to pass along his vast knowledge of modern manufacturing technology to students of all ages.

• Section 1: Introduction to Machine ToolsUnit 1: History of MachinesSection 2: Machine Trade OpportunitiesUnit 2: Careers in the Metalworking IndustryUnit 3: Getting the JobSection 3: SafetyUnit 4: Safety in the Machine ShopSection 4: Job PlanningUnit 5: Engineering DrawingsUnit 6: Machining Procedures for Various WorkpiecesSection 5: MeasurementUnit 7: Basic MeasurementUnit 8: Squares and Surface PlatesUnit 9: MicrometersUnit 10: Vernier CalipersUnit 11: Inside-, Depth-, and Height-Measuring InstrumentsUnit 12: Gage BlocksUnit 13: Angular MeasurementUnit 14: GagesUnit 15: Comparison MeasurementUnit 16: The Coordinate Measuring SystemUnit 17: Measuring with Light WavesUnit 18: Surface Finish MeasurementSection 6: Layout Tools and ProceduresUnit 19: Basic Layout Materials, Tools, and AccessoriesUnit 20: Basic or Semiprecision LayoutUnit 21: Precision LayoutSection 7: Hand Tools and Bench WorkUnit 22: Holding, Striking, and Assembling ToolsUnit 23: Hand-Type Cutting ToolsUnit 24: Thread-Cutting Tools and ProceduresUnit 25: Finishing Processes – Reaming, Broaching, and LappingUnit 26: Surface Finishing ProcessesSection 8: Metal-Cutting TechnologyUnit 27: Physics of Metal CuttingUnit 28: Machinability of MetalsUnit 29: Cutting ToolsUnit 30: Operating Conditions and Tool LifeUnit 31: Carbide Cutting ToolsUnit 32: Diamond, Ceramic, and Cermet Cutting ToolsUnit 33: Polycrystalline Cutting ToolsUnit 34: Cutting Fluids – Types and ApplicationsSection 9: Metal-Cutting SawsUnit 35: Types of Metal SawsUnit 36: Contour Bandsaw Parts and AccessoriesUnit 37: Contour Bandsaw OperationsSection 10: Drilling MachinesUnit 38: Drill PressesUnit 39: Drilling Machine AccessoriesUnit 40: Twist DrillsUnit 41: Cutting Speeds and FeedsUnit 42: Drilling HolesUnit 43: ReamingUnit 44: Drill Press OperationsSection 11: The LatheUnit 45: Engine Lathe PartsUnit 46: Lathe AccessoriesUnit 47: Cutting Speed, Feed, and Depth of CutUnit 48: Lathe SafetyUnit 49: Mounting, Removing, and Aligning Lathe CentersUnit 50: Grinding Lathe Cutting ToolsUnit 51: Facing Between CentersUnit 52: Machining Between CentersUnit 53: Knurling, Grooving, and Form TurningUnit 54: Tapers and Taper TurningUnit 55: Threads and Thread CuttingUnit 56: Steady Rest, Follower Rests, and MandrelsUnit 57: Machining in a ChuckUnit 58: Drilling, Boring, Reaming, and TappingSection 12: Milling MachinesUnit 59: The Vertical Milling MachineUnit 60: Cutting Speed, Feed, and Depth of CutUnit 61: End MillsUnit 62: Vertical Mill OperationsUnit 63: Special Milling OperationsUnit 64: Horizontal Milling Machines and AccessoriesUnit 65: Milling CuttersUnit 66: Milling Machine SetupsUnit 67: Horizontal Milling OperationsUnit 68: The Indexing, or Dividing, HeadUnit 69: Helical MillingUnit 70: Cam, Rack, Worm, and Clutch MillingSection 13: GrindingUnit 71: Types of AbrasivesUnit 72: Surface Grinders and AccessoriesUnit 73: Surface Grinding OperationsUnit 74: Cylindrical GrindersUnit 75: Universal Tool and Cutter GrinderSection 14: MetallurgyUnit 76: Manufacture and Properties of SteelUnit 77: Heat Treatment of SteelUnit 78: Testing of Metals and Nonferrous MetalsSection 15: Lean ManufacturingUnit 79: Cellular ManufacturingUnit 80: Continuous ImprovementUnit 81: Pull (Kanban) SystemsUnit 82: Total Productive MaintenanceUnit 83: Value-Stream MappingUnit 84: Workplace OrganizationSection 16: Computer-Age MachiningUnit 85: The ComputerUnit 86: Computer Numerical ControlUnit 87: CNC Turning CenterUnit 88: CNC Machining CentersUnit 89: CAD/CAMSection 17: Advanced Manufacturing TechnologyUnit 90: NanotechnologyUnit 91: Cryogenic Treatment/TemperingUnit 92: Diamond CoatingUnit 93: Additive Manufacturing TechnologiesUnit 94: Multi-Tasking MachinesUnit 95: Industry 4.0Unit 96: Optical/Laser/Vision MeasurementUnit 97: Electrical Discharge MachiningUnit 98: RoboticsUnit 99: Manufacturing Intelligence: Can a Company Survive without Real-Time Knowledge

Steve F. Krar spent 15 years in the trade, first as a machinist and finally as a tool and die maker. After this period, he entered Teachers’ College and graduated from the University of Toronto with a Specialist’s Certificate in Machine Shop Practice. During these 20 years of teaching, Mr. Krar was active in vocational and technical education and served on the executive committee of many educational organizations. For 10 years, he was on the summer staff of the College of Education, University of Toronto, involved in teacher training programs. Active in machine tool associations, Steve Krar is a Life Member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers and former associate director of the GE Superabrasives Partnership for Manufacturing Productivity. He was inducted into the Canadian Manufacturers Hall of Fame in March 2009. Mr. Krar’s continual research over the past 50 years in manufacturing technology has involved many courses with lead- ing world manufacturers and an opportunity to study under Dr. W. Edwards Deming. Mr. Krar spent a week researching Nano- technology at leading research centers, universities, and industry in Switzerland. He is coauthor and consultant of over 80 technical books, such as Machine Shop Training, Machine Tool Operations, CNC Simplified, Superabrasives—Grinding and Machining, Exploring Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, some of which have been translated into 5 languages and used throughout the world. Jonathan A. Gill graduated from high school with an Ontario Secondary School Diploma. He entered Ryerson University in the industrial engineering program and then went into geographical analysis. Mr. Gill attended Humber College for electronics engineering and then spent 2 years at Mohawk College for computer networking and security analysis. Mr. Gill is currently an independent contractor employed by Nexas Networks Inc. as an Applications Engineer and Support Manager, providing factory floor networking and information technology for the aerospace and automotive industry, jobbing shops, and production discrete manufacturing facilities. Mr. Gill assisted the authors with the research, artwork, and final production of manuscript for the textbook Computer Numerical Control Simplified and is coauthor of the book Changing World of Manufacturing. Peter Smid graduated from high school with a specialty in machine shop training. He then entered industry, completed an apprenticeship program, and gained valuable experience as a machinist skilled on all types of machine tools. Mr. Smid immigrated to Canada in 1968 and spent the next 26 years employed in the machine tool industry as a machinist and tool and die maker. In the early 1970s, he became involved in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) as a programmer/operator and devoted the next 18 years to becoming proficient in all aspects of computerized manufacturing. In 1989, he became an independent consultant, and hundreds of companies have used Mr. Smid’s CNC and CAD/CAM skills to improve their manufacturing operations. He also wrote a comprehensive, 500-page CNC programming handbook, which is rapidly becoming the Bible of the trade. In 1995, he became a consultant/professor of Advanced Manufacturing focusing on industrial and customized training in CNC, CAD/CAM, and Agile Manufacturing. His many years of teaching, training, lecturing, and designing curriculum give him the opportunity to pass along his vast knowledge of modern manufacturing technology to students of all ages.

• Section 1: Introduction to Machine ToolsUnit 1: History of MachinesSection 2: Machine Trade OpportunitiesUnit 2: Careers in the Metalworking IndustryUnit 3: Getting the JobSection 3: SafetyUnit 4: Safety in the Machine ShopSection 4: Job PlanningUnit 5: Engineering DrawingsUnit 6: Machining Procedures for Various WorkpiecesSection 5: MeasurementUnit 7: Basic MeasurementUnit 8: Squares and Surface PlatesUnit 9: MicrometersUnit 10: Vernier CalipersUnit 11: Inside-, Depth-, and Height-Measuring InstrumentsUnit 12: Gage BlocksUnit 13: Angular MeasurementUnit 14: GagesUnit 15: Comparison MeasurementUnit 16: The Coordinate Measuring SystemUnit 17: Measuring with Light WavesUnit 18: Surface Finish MeasurementSection 6: Layout Tools and ProceduresUnit 19: Basic Layout Materials, Tools, and AccessoriesUnit 20: Basic or Semiprecision LayoutUnit 21: Precision LayoutSection 7: Hand Tools and Bench WorkUnit 22: Holding, Striking, and Assembling ToolsUnit 23: Hand-Type Cutting ToolsUnit 24: Thread-Cutting Tools and ProceduresUnit 25: Finishing Processes – Reaming, Broaching, and LappingUnit 26: Surface Finishing ProcessesSection 8: Metal-Cutting TechnologyUnit 27: Physics of Metal CuttingUnit 28: Machinability of MetalsUnit 29: Cutting ToolsUnit 30: Operating Conditions and Tool LifeUnit 31: Carbide Cutting ToolsUnit 32: Diamond, Ceramic, and Cermet Cutting ToolsUnit 33: Polycrystalline Cutting ToolsUnit 34: Cutting Fluids – Types and ApplicationsSection 9: Metal-Cutting SawsUnit 35: Types of Metal SawsUnit 36: Contour Bandsaw Parts and AccessoriesUnit 37: Contour Bandsaw OperationsSection 10: Drilling MachinesUnit 38: Drill PressesUnit 39: Drilling Machine AccessoriesUnit 40: Twist DrillsUnit 41: Cutting Speeds and FeedsUnit 42: Drilling HolesUnit 43: ReamingUnit 44: Drill Press OperationsSection 11: The LatheUnit 45: Engine Lathe PartsUnit 46: Lathe AccessoriesUnit 47: Cutting Speed, Feed, and Depth of CutUnit 48: Lathe SafetyUnit 49: Mounting, Removing, and Aligning Lathe CentersUnit 50: Grinding Lathe Cutting ToolsUnit 51: Facing Between CentersUnit 52: Machining Between CentersUnit 53: Knurling, Grooving, and Form TurningUnit 54: Tapers and Taper TurningUnit 55: Threads and Thread CuttingUnit 56: Steady Rest, Follower Rests, and MandrelsUnit 57: Machining in a ChuckUnit 58: Drilling, Boring, Reaming, and TappingSection 12: Milling MachinesUnit 59: The Vertical Milling MachineUnit 60: Cutting Speed, Feed, and Depth of CutUnit 61: End MillsUnit 62: Vertical Mill OperationsUnit 63: Special Milling OperationsUnit 64: Horizontal Milling Machines and AccessoriesUnit 65: Milling CuttersUnit 66: Milling Machine SetupsUnit 67: Horizontal Milling OperationsUnit 68: The Indexing, or Dividing, HeadUnit 69: Helical MillingUnit 70: Cam, Rack, Worm, and Clutch MillingSection 13: GrindingUnit 71: Types of AbrasivesUnit 72: Surface Grinders and AccessoriesUnit 73: Surface Grinding OperationsUnit 74: Cylindrical GrindersUnit 75: Universal Tool and Cutter GrinderSection 14: MetallurgyUnit 76: Manufacture and Properties of SteelUnit 77: Heat Treatment of SteelUnit 78: Testing of Metals and Nonferrous MetalsSection 15: Lean ManufacturingUnit 79: Cellular ManufacturingUnit 80: Continuous ImprovementUnit 81: Pull (Kanban) SystemsUnit 82: Total Productive MaintenanceUnit 83: Value-Stream MappingUnit 84: Workplace OrganizationSection 16: Computer-Age MachiningUnit 85: The ComputerUnit 86: Computer Numerical ControlUnit 87: CNC Turning CenterUnit 88: CNC Machining CentersUnit 89: CAD/CAMSection 17: Advanced Manufacturing TechnologyUnit 90: NanotechnologyUnit 91: Cryogenic Treatment/TemperingUnit 92: Diamond CoatingUnit 93: Additive Manufacturing TechnologiesUnit 94: Multi-Tasking MachinesUnit 95: Industry 4.0Unit 96: Optical/Laser/Vision MeasurementUnit 97: Electrical Discharge MachiningUnit 98: RoboticsUnit 99: Manufacturing Intelligence: Can a Company Survive without Real-Time Knowledge

Steve F. Krar spent 15 years in the trade, first as a machinist and finally as a tool and die maker. After this period, he entered Teachers’ College and graduated from the University of Toronto with a Specialist’s Certificate in Machine Shop Practice. During these 20 years of teaching, Mr. Krar was active in vocational and technical education and served on the executive committee of many educational organizations. For 10 years, he was on the summer staff of the College of Education, University of Toronto, involved in teacher training programs. Active in machine tool associations, Steve Krar is a Life Member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers and former associate director of the GE Superabrasives Partnership for Manufacturing Productivity. He was inducted into the Canadian Manufacturers Hall of Fame in March 2009. Mr. Krar’s continual research over the past 50 years in manufacturing technology has involved many courses with lead- ing world manufacturers and an opportunity to study under Dr. W. Edwards Deming. Mr. Krar spent a week researching Nano- technology at leading research centers, universities, and industry in Switzerland. He is coauthor and consultant of over 80 technical books, such as Machine Shop Training, Machine Tool Operations, CNC Simplified, Superabrasives—Grinding and Machining, Exploring Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, some of which have been translated into 5 languages and used throughout the world. Jonathan A. Gill graduated from high school with an Ontario Secondary School Diploma. He entered Ryerson University in the industrial engineering program and then went into geographical analysis. Mr. Gill attended Humber College for electronics engineering and then spent 2 years at Mohawk College for computer networking and security analysis. Mr. Gill is currently an independent contractor employed by Nexas Networks Inc. as an Applications Engineer and Support Manager, providing factory floor networking and information technology for the aerospace and automotive industry, jobbing shops, and production discrete manufacturing facilities. Mr. Gill assisted the authors with the research, artwork, and final production of manuscript for the textbook Computer Numerical Control Simplified and is coauthor of the book Changing World of Manufacturing. Peter Smid graduated from high school with a specialty in machine shop training. He then entered industry, completed an apprenticeship program, and gained valuable experience as a machinist skilled on all types of machine tools. Mr. Smid immigrated to Canada in 1968 and spent the next 26 years employed in the machine tool industry as a machinist and tool and die maker. In the early 1970s, he became involved in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) as a programmer/operator and devoted the next 18 years to becoming proficient in all aspects of computerized manufacturing. In 1989, he became an independent consultant, and hundreds of companies have used Mr. Smid’s CNC and CAD/CAM skills to improve their manufacturing operations. He also wrote a comprehensive, 500-page CNC programming handbook, which is rapidly becoming the Bible of the trade. In 1995, he became a consultant/professor of Advanced Manufacturing focusing on industrial and customized training in CNC, CAD/CAM, and Agile Manufacturing. His many years of teaching, training, lecturing, and designing curriculum give him the opportunity to pass along his vast knowledge of modern manufacturing technology to students of all ages.

• Section 1: Introduction to Machine ToolsUnit 1: History of MachinesSection 2: Machine Trade OpportunitiesUnit 2: Careers in the Metalworking IndustryUnit 3: Getting the JobSection 3: SafetyUnit 4: Safety in the Machine ShopSection 4: Job PlanningUnit 5: Engineering DrawingsUnit 6: Machining Procedures for Various WorkpiecesSection 5: MeasurementUnit 7: Basic MeasurementUnit 8: Squares and Surface PlatesUnit 9: MicrometersUnit 10: Vernier CalipersUnit 11: Inside-, Depth-, and Height-Measuring InstrumentsUnit 12: Gage BlocksUnit 13: Angular MeasurementUnit 14: GagesUnit 15: Comparison MeasurementUnit 16: The Coordinate Measuring SystemUnit 17: Measuring with Light WavesUnit 18: Surface Finish MeasurementSection 6: Layout Tools and ProceduresUnit 19: Basic Layout Materials, Tools, and AccessoriesUnit 20: Basic or Semiprecision LayoutUnit 21: Precision LayoutSection 7: Hand Tools and Bench WorkUnit 22: Holding, Striking, and Assembling ToolsUnit 23: Hand-Type Cutting ToolsUnit 24: Thread-Cutting Tools and ProceduresUnit 25: Finishing Processes – Reaming, Broaching, and LappingUnit 26: Surface Finishing ProcessesSection 8: Metal-Cutting TechnologyUnit 27: Physics of Metal CuttingUnit 28: Machinability of MetalsUnit 29: Cutting ToolsUnit 30: Operating Conditions and Tool LifeUnit 31: Carbide Cutting ToolsUnit 32: Diamond, Ceramic, and Cermet Cutting ToolsUnit 33: Polycrystalline Cutting ToolsUnit 34: Cutting Fluids – Types and ApplicationsSection 9: Metal-Cutting SawsUnit 35: Types of Metal SawsUnit 36: Contour Bandsaw Parts and AccessoriesUnit 37: Contour Bandsaw OperationsSection 10: Drilling MachinesUnit 38: Drill PressesUnit 39: Drilling Machine AccessoriesUnit 40: Twist DrillsUnit 41: Cutting Speeds and FeedsUnit 42: Drilling HolesUnit 43: ReamingUnit 44: Drill Press OperationsSection 11: The LatheUnit 45: Engine Lathe PartsUnit 46: Lathe AccessoriesUnit 47: Cutting Speed, Feed, and Depth of CutUnit 48: Lathe SafetyUnit 49: Mounting, Removing, and Aligning Lathe CentersUnit 50: Grinding Lathe Cutting ToolsUnit 51: Facing Between CentersUnit 52: Machining Between CentersUnit 53: Knurling, Grooving, and Form TurningUnit 54: Tapers and Taper TurningUnit 55: Threads and Thread CuttingUnit 56: Steady Rest, Follower Rests, and MandrelsUnit 57: Machining in a ChuckUnit 58: Drilling, Boring, Reaming, and TappingSection 12: Milling MachinesUnit 59: The Vertical Milling MachineUnit 60: Cutting Speed, Feed, and Depth of CutUnit 61: End MillsUnit 62: Vertical Mill OperationsUnit 63: Special Milling OperationsUnit 64: Horizontal Milling Machines and AccessoriesUnit 65: Milling CuttersUnit 66: Milling Machine SetupsUnit 67: Horizontal Milling OperationsUnit 68: The Indexing, or Dividing, HeadUnit 69: Helical MillingUnit 70: Cam, Rack, Worm, and Clutch MillingSection 13: GrindingUnit 71: Types of AbrasivesUnit 72: Surface Grinders and AccessoriesUnit 73: Surface Grinding OperationsUnit 74: Cylindrical GrindersUnit 75: Universal Tool and Cutter GrinderSection 14: MetallurgyUnit 76: Manufacture and Properties of SteelUnit 77: Heat Treatment of SteelUnit 78: Testing of Metals and Nonferrous MetalsSection 15: Lean ManufacturingUnit 79: Cellular ManufacturingUnit 80: Continuous ImprovementUnit 81: Pull (Kanban) SystemsUnit 82: Total Productive MaintenanceUnit 83: Value-Stream MappingUnit 84: Workplace OrganizationSection 16: Computer-Age MachiningUnit 85: The ComputerUnit 86: Computer Numerical ControlUnit 87: CNC Turning CenterUnit 88: CNC Machining CentersUnit 89: CAD/CAMSection 17: Advanced Manufacturing TechnologyUnit 90: NanotechnologyUnit 91: Cryogenic Treatment/TemperingUnit 92: Diamond CoatingUnit 93: Additive Manufacturing TechnologiesUnit 94: Multi-Tasking MachinesUnit 95: Industry 4.0Unit 96: Optical/Laser/Vision MeasurementUnit 97: Electrical Discharge MachiningUnit 98: RoboticsUnit 99: Manufacturing Intelligence: Can a Company Survive without Real-Time Knowledge