Technology and Values

Craig Hanks is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Texas State University-San Marcos, where he is past-chair of the Institutional Review Board. He was previously at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, and was Visiting Professor of Philosophy at the Stevens Institute of Technology. He specializes in philosophy of technology and applied philosophy, and has taught courses on engineering ethics, environmental ethics, biomedical ethics, and philosophy of technology. He is author of Refiguring Critical Theory (2002) and editor of Inner Space/Outer Space: The Humanities, Technology and the Postmodern World (1993); his monograph, Technological Musings: Reflections on Technology and Values, is forthcoming.

• List of Figures xiAcknowledgments xiiSource Acknowledgments xiiiGeneral Introduction 1Craig HanksSection One Theoretical Reflections on Technology 7Part I Introductory Considerations of Technology 91 Toward a Philosophy of Technology 11Hans Jonas2 Four Philosophies of Technology 26Alan R. Drengson3 The Relation of Science and Technology to Human Values 38William W. Lowrance4 A Collective of Humans and Nonhumans 49Bruno Latour5 Technology and Ethics 60Kristin Shrader-FrechettePart II Considering the Autonomy of Technology 656 The Autonomy of Technology 67Jacques Ellul7 Artifice and Order 76Langdon Winner8 The Autonomy of Technology 87Joseph PittPart III Existential and Phenomenological Considerations 979 The Question Concerning Technology 99Martin Heidegger10 Man the Technician 114José Ortega y Gasset11 Focal Things and Practices 122Albert Borgmann12 A Phenomenology of Technics 134Don IhdePart IV Critical Theory 15713 The New Forms of Control 159Herbert Marcuse14 Technical Progress and the Social Life-World 169Jürgen Habermas15 The Critical Theory of Technology 176Andrew FeenbergPart V Pragmatic Considerations 19716 Science and Society 199John Dewey17 Technology and Community Life 206Larry HickmanPart VI Feminist Considerations 22318 A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century 225Donna Haraway19 Technological Ethics in a Different Voice 247Diane P. MichelfelderSection Two Applied Reflections on Technology and Value 259Part VII Technology and Value in Everyday Life 261Introduction 26320 The Aesthetic Drama of the Ordinary 265John McDermott21 Domestic Technology: Labour-saving or Enslaving? 272Judy Wajcman22 Some Meanings of Automobiles 289Douglas BrowningPart VIII Values and BioTechnologies 295Introduction 29723 How Splendid Technologies Can Go Wrong 299Daniel Callahan24 Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children be Immoral? 304Laura M. Purdy25 Preventing a Brave New World 311Leon Kass26 Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research: Embryos and Beyond 323Inmaculada de Melo-Martín and Marin Gillis27 Food for Thought 335Nina V. Federoff and Nancy Marie Brown28 Value Judgments and Risk Comparisons. The Case of Genetically Engineered Crops 347Paul B. ThompsonPart IX Urban Values 357Introduction 35929 The Highway and the City 361Lewis Mumford30 Designing Cities and Buildings as if They Were Ethical Choices 369Jessica Woolliams31 The Local History of Space 373Steven Moore32 Community 385Joseph Grange33 Urban Ecological Citizenship 397Andrew LightPart X Environmental Values 413Introduction 41534 Why Mow? 417Michael Pollan35 Technology 423Lori Gruen36 Environment, Technology, and Ethics 431Rajni Kothari37 The Conceptual Foundations of the Land Ethic 438J. Baird Callicott38 Deep Ecology 454Bill Devall and George Sessions39 Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique 460Ramachandra Guha40 Just Garbage 468Peter S. WenzPart XI Immediate Challenges: Information Technologies, Technological Systems and the Future of Human Values 477Introduction 47941 Philosophy of Information Technology 481Carl Mitcham42 Into the Electronic Millennium 491Sven Birkerts43 Why I Am not Going to Buy a Computer 500Wendell Berry44 In the Age of the Smart Machine 504Shoshana Zuboff45 The Social Life of Information 510John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid46 The Quest for Universal Usability 522Ben ShneidermanBibliography 531

“Overall, Technology and Values represents an excellent collection of readings, ranging from classical yet ever timely readings on the nature of technology itself, to cutting edge articles on recent technological developments in the applied sphere. Due to its unique broad and comprehensive coverage of the subject matter, coupled with its comprehensive bibliography, this book is an excellent tool for both graduate and undergraduate courses.”  (Agric Hum Values, 2011)"For its size and scope this collection docs a remarkable job of addressing a critical need for greater scholarly and public attention to questions of technology and values in contemporary culture. It is a rich and versatile resource for anyone interested in such questions, and this reviewer hopes that future editions will only improve on its virtues." (Technology and Culture, April 2010)