Technologies for the Next Digital Era
ORAN, Blockchain, 6G, MEC, and Artificial Intelligence
Inbunden, Engelska, 2027
1 459 kr
Kommande
This is a book about Technology, how the networks may look in the next 10 years, and how they are handled. It isn’t a speculative gaze into the future (all data related to these technologies to 2022 is already available), but rather a fascinating roadmap of likely scenarios by an author working at the forefront of technological innovation. Of course, many elements dictate the course of events; the wider economic picture, the operator readiness to deploy such technology in a profitable manner, the consumer readiness to receive such technology – all these play a role. It is highly likely (at least for 5G), that the first commercial systems will come out in the US as the operator appetite for 5G is much higher. Such geographical differences will be inevitable when we talk about technology adaptation. The whole technology scenario is changing drastically; so much so, that we are moving to a fully connected society by 2025, where all technologies (wired, wireless and applications) will be much more inter-connected, and health, education, to home automation will be riding on the technologies available in the market. Operators across the world are baffled with ‘what next and how’? This means that networks will evolve not only technologically (3G/4G to 5G & Beyond) but will also become more virtualised (the cloud, M2M communications, Internet of Things, Internet of Everything). This book will help industry experts and policymakers understand the evolution of the networks to 2025.
Produktinformation
- Utgivningsdatum2027-02-11
- Mått170 x 244 x undefined mm
- FormatInbunden
- SpråkEngelska
- Antal sidor300
- FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
- ISBN9781119414902
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- Contents Chapter 1: Technologies defining the Digital Era. 101.1 Introduction. 101.2 Concept and Meaning of Mobile Networks. 111.3 Evolution of Mobile Networks: From 1G to 6G.. 131.3.1 First Generation (1G) — Analog Wireless Telephony. 131.3.2 Second Generation (2G) — Digital Communication and Messaging. 141.3.3 Third Generation (3G) — Mobile Internet and the Smartphone Era. 141.3.4 Fourth Generation (4G LTE) — Broadband Mobile and the Digital Economy. 151.3.5 Fifth Generation (5G) — Three Service Families and Industrial Connectivity. 151.3.6 Sixth Generation (6G) — The AI-Native Intelligent Network. 151.4 Key Components of Modern Mobile Network Architecture. 161.4.1 User Equipment 161.4.2 Radio Access Network and Open RAN.. 171.4.3 Transport Network. 181.4.4 Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) 181.4.5 Core Network. 201.5 Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Networks. 201.5.1 AI-Driven Radio Resource Management 211.5.2 Zero-Touch Networks and AI Orchestration. 211.5.3 AI-Native 6G and Semantic Communication. 221.6 Open RAN: Architecture, Innovation, and Strategic Implications. 221.7 Multi-Access Edge Computing and the Latency Revolution. 231.8 Blockchain in Next-Generation Mobile Networks. 241.8.1 Decentralised Identity and Device Authentication. 251.8.2 Spectrum Management and Dynamic Trading. 261.8.3 Security, Audit Integrity, and Threat Intelligence. 261.8.4 Automated Settlements and IoT Commerce. 261.9 Economic Dimensions of Mobile Connectivity. 271.10 Social Impact and Digital Society. 281.11 Mobile Networks in Smart Cities and Sustainable Development 291.12 Challenges and Governance of Next-Generation Networks. 301.13 Mobile Networks and Future Societies. 311.14 Conclusion. 32Chapter 2: 6G for Cellular Networks. 342.1 Introduction. 342.2 Global Mobile Traffic Trends and the Case for 6G.. 362.3.1 6G Service Classes. 412.3.2 The Tactile Internet and Real-Time Physical Interaction. 432.3.3 Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Requirements. 452.4 6G Network Characteristics. 452.4.1 Satellite-Integrated Networks. 462.4.2 Connected Intelligence — AI as a Network Constituent 482.4.3 Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET) 512.4.4 Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity. 522.5 6G Network Types and Deployment Models. 532.5.1 Small Cell and Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks. 532.5.2 ISAC-Enabled Sensing Networks. 542.5.3 Software Defined, Virtualisation, and Open RAN in 6G.. 562.6 New Spectrum Technologies for 6G.. 572.6.1 Millimetre Wave (mmWave) 592.6.2 Terahertz (THz) Communications. 602.6.3 Visible Light Communication (VLC) and Optical Wireless (OWC) 612.6.4 Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) 622.7 New Air Interface Technologies. 632.7.1 Holographic Massive MIMO.. 632.7.2 Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) 642.7.3 Cell-Free Massive MIMO and CoMP. 652.7.4 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and New Modulation Schemes. 662.8 New Paradigm Technologies: AI, Blockchain, Digital Twins, and Quantum.. 672.8.1 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in 6G.. 672.8.2 Blockchain Technology in 6G Networks. 682.8.3 Digital Twin Networks. 712.8.4 Quantum Communication and Post-Quantum Security. 732.9 6G Applications and Use Cases. 742.9.1 Extended Reality (XR) and Holographic Communication. 762.9.2 Connected Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 762.9.3 Smart Healthcare and Biomedical Communication. 772.9.4 Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) and Haptic Communication. 782.9.5 Internet of Everything and Smart Societies. 792.9.6 Industry 4.0, Automation, and Manufacturing. 802.10 Challenges, Risks, and Governance of 6G.. 802.10.1 Technical Challenges. 822.10.2 Spectrum Governance. 822.10.3 Environmental Sustainability. 832.10.4 Digital Equity and the Global Digital Divide. 842.11 The Future of 6G: Vision for 2030 and Beyond. 842.12 Conclusion. 85Chapter 3: Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) 883.1 Introduction. 883.2 Evolution of Radio Access Network Architectures. 903.2.1 Traditional Distributed RAN.. 903.2.2 Cloud RAN (C-RAN) 913.2.3 Virtualised RAN (V-RAN) 923.2.4 The O-RAN Transition. 923.3 O-RAN Foundational Principles. 943.3.1 Open Decomposition. 943.3.2 Standards-Based Compliance. 953.3.3 Proven Interoperability. 953.3.4 Implementation Independence. 963.3.5 Implementing the Principles in Practice. 973.4 O-RAN Logical Architecture. 973.4.1 The Centralised Unit (O-CU) 983.4.2 The Distributed Unit (O-DU) 1003.4.3 The Radio Unit (O-RU) 1013.4.4 The O-eNB.. 1023.4.5 The SMO Framework. 1023.4.6 The O-Cloud. 1033.4.7 OAM Deployment Models in Practice. 1033.6.3 The xApp Development Lifecycle and Marketplace. 1043.8.4 O-RAN Security Testing and Validation. 1053.10.4 O-RAN Integration with Multi-Access Edge Computing. 1063.12.3 Economic Dimensions of O-RAN Deployment 1063.13.4 AI-Native Physical Layer and O-RAN Evolution. 1073.4.8 SMO Interaction with Core Network and Transport Domains. 1083.9.3 Continuous Integration in the O-RAN Development Pipeline. 1083.10.5 Multi-Operator O-RAN Deployments and Network Sharing. 1093.5 O-RAN Interface Specifications in Depth. 1103.5.1 The A1 Interface. 1103.5.2 The E2 Interface. 1113.5.3 The Open Fronthaul Interface and Functional Split 7.2x. 1113.6 The RAN Intelligent Controller Architecture. 1133.6.1 Non-Real-Time RIC.. 1133.6.2 Near-Real-Time RIC.. 1143.7 O-RAN Release History, Alliance, and Software Community. 1183.7.1 O-RAN Release Timeline. 1183.7.2 The O-RAN Alliance. 1203.7.3 The O-RAN Software Community. 1203.8 O-RAN Security Architecture. 1213.8.1 Security in an Open Multi-Vendor Architecture. 1213.8.2 Zero-Trust Implementation in O-RAN.. 1243.8.3 Post-Quantum Security Readiness. 1253.9 O-RAN Testing and Validation Framework. 1253.9.1 The Testing Challenge. 1253.9.2 Component Test Solutions. 1263.10 Deployment Strategies and the AI/ML Model Pipeline. 1273.10.1 Physical Deployment Models. 1273.10.3 AI and ML Model Deployment Pipeline. 1293.11 O-RAN Compared with C-RAN and V-RAN.. 1303.12 Challenges and Limitations of O-RAN.. 1333.13 O-RAN and the Path to 6G.. 1353.13.1 O-RAN Principles in the 6G Context 1353.13.2 THz Spectrum and Fronthaul Evolution. 1363.13.3 Blockchain and Governance in 6G O-RAN.. 1373.14 Conclusion. 137Chapter 4: Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) 1404.1 Introduction to Mobile Edge Computing. 1404.1.1 Historical Context: From Cloud to Fog to MEC.. 1424.1.2 MEC in the 5G and 6G Context 1434.2 Fundamentals of Mobile Edge Computing. 1454.2.1 Proximity and its Consequences. 1454.2.2 Context Awareness through Radio Network Information. 1464.2.3 MEC Application Domains and Deployment Scale. 1464.3 ETSI MEC Reference Architecture. 1494.3.1 MEC System Level Management 1494.3.2 The MEC Host 1514.3.3 MEC Interfaces and Their Functions. 1524.3.4 Integration with O-RAN and 5G Core. 1544.4 MEC Deployment Models and Architectural Variants. 1554.4.1 Centralised MEC Deployment 1564.4.2 Distributed MEC Deployment 1564.4.3 Hybrid MEC Deployment 1574.4.4 Small Cell Cloud (SCC) Architecture. 1584.4.5 Mobile Micro Cloud (MMC) Architecture. 1584.4.6 MobiScud: Fast Moving Personal Cloud. 1594.4.7 CONCERT Architecture. 1604.5 MEC Application Scenarios and Use Cases. 1614.5.1 Consumer Services: AR, VR, and Immersive Media. 1614.5.2 Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. 1624.5.3 Industrial IoT and Smart Manufacturing. 1634.5.4 Healthcare and Remote Medicine. 1644.5.5 Smart City and Environmental Management 1654.6 Computation Offloading: Framework, Systems, and Algorithms. 1664.6.1 The Offloading Decision Framework. 1664.6.2 The FemtoCloud System.. 1684.6.3 REPLISOM: Memory Replication for IoT Edge Computing. 1694.6.4 ME-VoLTE: Edge Computing for Video Call Optimisation. 1714.7 MEC Security Architecture. 1724.7.1 Physical Security at the Network Edge. 1734.7.2 MEC Application Security and Multi-Tenancy. 1744.7.3 API Security on MEC Interfaces. 1754.8 Challenges and Open Research Problems in MEC.. 1764.8.1 Mobility Management and VM Migration. 1774.8.2 Resource Orchestration and Optimisation. 1784.8.3 Standardisation, Pricing, and Business Models. 1794.9 MEC Integration with 6G and O-RAN.. 1804.9.1 MEC in the 6G Service Class Architecture. 1804.9.2 AI-Native MEC in 6G.. 1824.9.3 O-RAN and MEC Co-Design. 1824.9.4 Satellite-Integrated MEC for Global Coverage. 1834.10 Conclusion. 184Chapter 5: Blockchain Technology. 1865.1 Introduction. 1865.2 The Evolution of Blockchain Technology. 1885.2.1 Cryptographic Foundations (1991–2008) 1895.2.2 Blockchain 1.0: Bitcoin and Digital Currency (2008–2013) 1905.2.3 Blockchain 2.0: Smart Contracts and Programmable Value (2013–2018) 1905.2.4 Blockchain 3.0: Enterprise Adoption (2018–2024) 1915.2.5 Blockchain 4.0: The 6G-Native Vision (2024+) 1925.3 Key Characteristics and Properties of Blockchain. 1925.3.1 Decentralisation and Distributed Trust 1955.3.2 Immutability Through Cryptographic Chaining. 1955.3.3 Transparency, Auditability, and Privacy. 1965.3.4 Security Through Cryptographic Mechanisms. 1965.4 Types of Blockchain. 1975.4.1 Public Blockchain. 1985.4.2 Private Blockchain. 1995.4.3 Hybrid Blockchain. 2005.4.4 Consortium Blockchain. 2005.5 Blockchain Architecture: The Five-Layer Model 2015.5.1 The Data Layer 2025.5.2 The Network Layer 2035.5.3 The Consensus Layer 2045.5.4 The Contract Layer 2045.5.5 The Application Layer and Cross-Chain Technology. 2055.3.5 How Blockchain Transactions Work: A Step-by-Step Account 2065.5.6 Data Privacy Mechanisms: Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Confidential Transactions. 2075.11.4 Governance of Blockchain-Based Network Infrastructure. 2085.6 Consensus Mechanisms: Algorithms, Trade-offs, and 6G Implications. 2095.6.1 Proof of Work (PoW) 2105.6.2 Proof of Stake and its Variants. 2115.6.3 Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus (PBFT and Variants) 2115.6.4 Post-Quantum and AI-Assisted Consensus for 6G.. 2125.7 Blockchain Platforms: Capabilities and Comparative Analysis. 2135.7.1 Bitcoin: The Original Blockchain. 2155.7.2 Ethereum: The Programmable Blockchain. 2155.7.3 Hyperledger Fabric: Enterprise Permissioned Blockchain. 2165.8 Smart Contracts: Design, Languages, Security, and Applications. 2165.8.1 Smart Contract Fundamentals. 2175.8.2 Smart Contract Security Patterns. 2175.8.3 Smart Contracts for 6G Telecommunications. 2185.9 Blockchain Applications Across Industries. 2215.9.1 Financial Services and DeFi 2225.9.2 Supply Chain and Provenance. 2235.9.3 Digital Identity and Verifiable Credentials. 2235.9.4 Healthcare and Patient Data Sovereignty. 2245.10 Blockchain Integration with 6G, O-RAN, and MEC.. 2255.10.1 Blockchain and the O-RAN Management Architecture. 2275.10.2 Blockchain and MEC Service Governance. 2285.10.3 Post-Quantum Blockchain Security in 6G.. 2295.11 Challenges and Open Research Problems in Blockchain. 2295.11.1 The Blockchain Trilemma. 2325.11.2 Regulatory Uncertainty and Standardisation. 2325.11.3 Smart Contract Auditability and Formal Verification. 2335.12 Conclusion. 233Chapter 6: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. 2356.1 Introduction. 2356.2 Foundations of Artificial Intelligence. 2366.2.1 Defining the Domain: AI, ML, DL, and Data Science. 2366.2.2 History of AI: From Turing to Foundation Models. 2376.2.3 AI Stages: ANI, AGI, and ASI 2396.3 Machine Learning: Paradigms and Algorithms. 2416.3.1 Supervised Learning. 2416.3.2 Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Gradient Boosting. 2426.3.3 Support Vector Machines. 2436.3.4 Unsupervised Learning: Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction. 2436.3.5 Reinforcement Learning and the PEAS Framework. 2446.3.6 Semi-Supervised and Self-Supervised Learning. 2456.4 Statistical Foundations of Machine Learning. 2466.4.1 Probability Distributions for Machine Learning and Networking. 2466.4.2 Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Inference. 2486.4.3 Bayesian Learning. 2496.5 Model Evaluation and Feature Engineering. 2506.5.1 Evaluation Methodology. 2506.5.2 Feature Engineering. 2526.6 Deep Learning: Architectures and Training. 2536.6.1 Feedforward Neural Networks: Foundations and Training. 2536.6.2 Convolutional Neural Networks. 2556.6.3 Recurrent Networks and LSTMs for Sequence Modelling. 2556.6.4 The Transformer Architecture. 2566.3.7 Regression Techniques in Depth. 2576.3.8 Classification: Logistic Regression and Multi-Class Extensions. 2586.3.9 The Python and Scikit-learn ML Toolkit 2596.7 The ML Model Development Lifecycle. 2606.7.1 Problem Definition and Data Collection. 2606.7.2 Data Pre-processing and Feature Engineering. 2616.7.3 Model Training and Hyperparameter Tuning. 2626.7.4 Deployment Infrastructure and Production Monitoring. 2626.8 Data Structures in AI: Structured, Unstructured, and Semi-Structured. 2636.8.1 Structured Data. 2636.8.2 Unstructured Data. 2646.8.3 Semi-Structured Data and the AI Data Pipeline. 2646.9 Generative AI: Foundations, Models, and Applications. 2656.9.1 The Generative AI Model Zoo. 2656.9.2 Ethical Dimensions of Generative AI 2686.10 AI in 6G Networks: O-RAN Integration and Applications. 2696.10.1 AI-Native Physical Layer 2716.10.2 RAN Intelligence through the O-RAN RIC.. 2726.10.3 Federated Learning and Privacy-Preserving AI 2736.10.4 Semantic Communication: Transformers as Network Components. 2736.11 Ethical AI and Governance. 2746.11.1 Fairness, Bias, and Non-Discrimination. 2746.11.2 Transparency, Explainability, and Accountability. 2756.11.3 Privacy, Security, and Robustness. 2756.12 AI Challenges, Open Problems, and Future Directions. 2766.12.1 Foundation Models for Network Intelligence. 2786.12.2 AI for Autonomous 6G Network Management: The Zero-Touch Vision. 2796.13 Conclusion. 279A1. Essential Reading. 281