TARP and other Bank Bailouts and Bail-Ins around the World

Allen N. Berger is H. Montague Osteen, Jr., Professor in Banking and Finance at the University of South Carolina, President of the Financial Intermediation Research Society, Senior Fellow at the Wharton Financial Institutions Center, and Fellow of the European Banking Center.He has published over 125 articles in refereed journals, including in top finance journals, Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, and top economics journals, Journal of Political Economy and American Economic Review. He is co-author of two research books and co-edited all three editions of the Oxford Handbook of Banking. He serves on nine journal editorial boards, co-edited eight special issues of research journals, and formerly edited the Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking. His research has been cited over 90,000 times, including 30 articles with over 1,000 citations each, and another 19 with over 500 citations each. He has given invited keynote addresses on five continents. Raluca A. Roman is Senior Economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, and formerly at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. She holds a Ph.D. in Finance from University of South Carolina. Her research areas include banking and financial institutions consumer finance, corporate finance, and international finance. She has published articles in the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Management Science, Journal of Financial Intermediation, Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, Financial Management, Journal of Corporate Finance, Journal of International Money and Finance, Journal of Banking and Finance, and has received four awards for her papers at conferences. She also co-authored the book TARP and other Bank Bailouts and Bail-Ins around the World: Connecting Wall Street, Main Street, and the Financial System (2020, Elsevier). Raluca has presented her research and discussed the research of others at numerous finance and regulatory conferences.

• I Introductory materials1. Introduction to bank bailouts, bail-ins and the related topics covered in the book2. Conditions that generally bring about bank bailouts, bail-ins, and other resolution methods3. Descriptions of the TARP program, other bank bailouts and bail-ins, and other resolution approaches in the United States and around the world4. Theoretical background on bank bailouts, bail-ins, and other resolution approachesII Empirical research on TARP5. Methodologies used in most of the TARP empirical studies6. Determinants of applying for and receiving TARP funds and exiting early from the program7. Effects of TARP on recipient banks’ valuations8. Effects of TARP on market discipline9. Effects of TARP on bank leverage risk10. Effects of TARP on bank competition11. Effects of TARP on bank credit supply12. Effects of TARP on bank portfolio risk13. Effects of TARP on recipient banks’ credit customers14. Effects of TARP on the real economy15. Effects of TARP on systemic riskIII Empirical evidence bank bailouts other than TARP, bail-ins, and other resolution approaches16. Empirical research on bailouts other than TARP17. Empirical research on bail-ins18. Empirical research on other resolution approachesIV First lines of defense to help avoid bailouts, bail-ins, and other resolutions19. Mechanisms for the first lines of defense20. Capital requirements21. Liquidity requirements22. Stress tests23. Prudential regulatory activity restrictions24. Prudential supervision25. Deposit insurance26. Direct government ownership of banksV Looking toward the future27. Social costs and benefits28. Implications for bank policymakers and bank managers29. Open research questions to be addressed by future research

"Analyzes theoretical and empirical research evidence on the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in the United States and other bank bailouts and bail-ins in the United States and around the world, assessing the important costs and benefits of these programs in order to suggest potential policy implications for the future." --"It is now over twelve years since the global financial crisis and a rich panoply of financial sector rescue measures being unleashed to arrest the Great Recession. Several parts of the global economy have not yet fully recovered or found the right policy mix to restore growth on a sustainable basis while maintaining financial stability.　 This book by Allen Berger and Raluca Roman provides a timely taxonomy and assessment of these rescue measures, organizing them around a conceptual framework as well as parsing systematically through the growing body of empirical evidence on their efficacy. I recommend it highly to all academics, policy makers and practitioners." -Viral V. Acharya, C.V.Starr Professor of Economics, Department of Finance, New York University Stern School of Business"The financial distress of systemically important banks that typically accompany financial crises often results in recessions and other significant damages to the real economy, making policy responses of first-order importance. This book provides a comprehensive, research-based analysis and review of bank bailouts, bail-ins, and other resolution approaches to deal with the financial distress and avoid the economic damages. The authors of the book, Allen Berger and Raluca Roman, have written a significant body of relevant research, and are ideally positioned to provide this analysis and review. The authors provide an enlightening discussion of the benefits and costs of a number of resolution approaches for systemically important banks in financial distress, including bailouts and bail-ins. They also cover first lines of defense and countercyclical policies to prevent such distress in the first place. The book is an indispensable guide for researchers, policymakers, bank managers, analysts, and students." --Manju Puri, J.B. Fuqua Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, Duke University Fuqua School of Business"The global financial crisis caused policy interventions at a level and of an intensity not seen before during our lifetimes, in particular in the area of banking stability. However, more than ten years later we are still lacking the essential holistic overview and in-depth analysis of the dramatic bank bailouts and bail-ins that took place around the world, including in the US. Well here it is. By a team of top scholars who not only have produced most of the relevant academic research on this topic, but also have the necessary insiders` eye for the deep trade-offs involved and for the minutiae of the actual policymaking that took place: A book that undoubtedly will withstand time and become the classic source to turn to when pondering bank bailouts/–ins in the near or distant future." --Steven Ongena, Professor of Banking in the Department of Banking and Finance at the University of Zurich, Senior chair at the Swiss Finance Institute, Research Professor at KU Leuven, and Research Fellow in Financial Economics of CEPR