Robert M. Kerr, PhD, is Associate Professor of international security and military studies at the U.S. Air Force Air Command and Staff College, USA.

• List of EntriesList of Primary DocumentsOverview of the Syrian Civil WarCauses of the Syrian Civil WarConsequences of the Syrian Civil WarA–Z EntriesAl-Abbas BrigadeAlawites/AlawisAleppoAl-Nusra Front (Jabhat al-Nusra)Al-QaedaAl-Qubeir MassacreAl-Qusayr OffensiveAl-ShamArab LeagueArab SpringArmeniansArmy of Conquest/Jaish al-Fatah (JAF)Assad, Bashar al Assad, Hafez al AssyriansBa’athismBaghdadi, Abu Bakr al Battle of HaffahBattle of MaaloulaBattle of SaraqebBinnishCarter, Ashton “Ash”Chemical Weapons and WarfareChristian Militias in SyriaCircassiansDabiq (Magazine)Dabiq (Place)DamascusDaraa OffensiveDruzeErdogan, Recep TayyipFree Syrian ArmyGolan HeightsHezbollahHomsIdlibInternational Syria Support Group (ISSG)IranIraqIslamic FrontIslamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS)IsraelJabal al-ZawiyaJihadKurdish Peoples Protection Units (YPG)KurdistanLatakiaMaarrat al-Nu’man/Al-Ma’arraNational Coordination Committee/Body for Democratic ChangeNational Defence ForceObama, BarackOperation Euphrates ShieldOperation ShaderOperation Wrath of EuphratesPalmyraPeshmergaPopular Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command (PFLP-GC)Putin, VladimirRefugee CrisisRussiaSalafismShabihaShia IslamSunni IslamSykes-Picot AgreementSyriaSyrian Armed ForcesSyrian Democratic ForcesSyrian Electronic Army (SEA)Trump, Donald J.TurkeyTurkmani, Hassan al United States, Middle East PolicyWeapons of Mass DestructionWhite HelmetsPrimary Documents1. Executive Order 13582—Blocking Property of the Government of Syria and Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to Syria (August 18, 2011)2. United Nations Security Council Resolution 2042 (April 14, 2012)3. President Barack H. Obama: Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation on Syria (September 10, 2013)4. United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118 (September 27, 2013)5. Vladimir Putin’s Address Following Adoption of a Joint Statement by Russia and the United States on Syria (February 22, 2016)6. Presidential Memorandum on the Plan to Defeat the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (January 28, 2017)7. President Donald J. Trump, Statement on the Anniversary of the 2013 Syrian Chemical Weapons Attack (August 21, 2017)8. Statement by President Trump on Syria (April 13, 2018)9. United Nations General Assembly Summary Report on the High-Level Panel Discussion on Violations of the Human Rights of Children in the Syrian Arab Republic (May 15, 2018)10. Statement by H. E. Walid al-Moualem, Deputy Prime Minister of the Syrian Arab Republic, Made to the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly (September 29, 2018)11. Letter from the Representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation, and Turkey to the United Nations (February 18, 2019)12. Statement by UNHCR Special Envoy Angelina Jolie as Syria Crisis Enters Its Ninth Year (March 14, 2019)13. Statement of the Secretary-General on Syria (March 15, 2019)ChronologyBibliographyList of ContributorsIndexAbout the Editor

Robert M. Kerr, PhD, is Associate Professor of international security and military studies at the U.S. Air Force Air Command and Staff College, USA.

• List of EntriesList of Primary DocumentsOverview of the Syrian Civil WarCauses of the Syrian Civil WarConsequences of the Syrian Civil WarA–Z EntriesAl-Abbas BrigadeAlawites/AlawisAleppoAl-Nusra Front (Jabhat al-Nusra)Al-QaedaAl-Qubeir MassacreAl-Qusayr OffensiveAl-ShamArab LeagueArab SpringArmeniansArmy of Conquest/Jaish al-Fatah (JAF)Assad, Bashar al Assad, Hafez al AssyriansBa’athismBaghdadi, Abu Bakr al Battle of HaffahBattle of MaaloulaBattle of SaraqebBinnishCarter, Ashton “Ash”Chemical Weapons and WarfareChristian Militias in SyriaCircassiansDabiq (Magazine)Dabiq (Place)DamascusDaraa OffensiveDruzeErdogan, Recep TayyipFree Syrian ArmyGolan HeightsHezbollahHomsIdlibInternational Syria Support Group (ISSG)IranIraqIslamic FrontIslamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS)IsraelJabal al-ZawiyaJihadKurdish Peoples Protection Units (YPG)KurdistanLatakiaMaarrat al-Nu’man/Al-Ma’arraNational Coordination Committee/Body for Democratic ChangeNational Defence ForceObama, BarackOperation Euphrates ShieldOperation ShaderOperation Wrath of EuphratesPalmyraPeshmergaPopular Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command (PFLP-GC)Putin, VladimirRefugee CrisisRussiaSalafismShabihaShia IslamSunni IslamSykes-Picot AgreementSyriaSyrian Armed ForcesSyrian Democratic ForcesSyrian Electronic Army (SEA)Trump, Donald J.TurkeyTurkmani, Hassan al United States, Middle East PolicyWeapons of Mass DestructionWhite HelmetsPrimary Documents1. Executive Order 13582—Blocking Property of the Government of Syria and Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to Syria (August 18, 2011)2. United Nations Security Council Resolution 2042 (April 14, 2012)3. President Barack H. Obama: Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation on Syria (September 10, 2013)4. United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118 (September 27, 2013)5. Vladimir Putin’s Address Following Adoption of a Joint Statement by Russia and the United States on Syria (February 22, 2016)6. Presidential Memorandum on the Plan to Defeat the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (January 28, 2017)7. President Donald J. Trump, Statement on the Anniversary of the 2013 Syrian Chemical Weapons Attack (August 21, 2017)8. Statement by President Trump on Syria (April 13, 2018)9. United Nations General Assembly Summary Report on the High-Level Panel Discussion on Violations of the Human Rights of Children in the Syrian Arab Republic (May 15, 2018)10. Statement by H. E. Walid al-Moualem, Deputy Prime Minister of the Syrian Arab Republic, Made to the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly (September 29, 2018)11. Letter from the Representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation, and Turkey to the United Nations (February 18, 2019)12. Statement by UNHCR Special Envoy Angelina Jolie as Syria Crisis Enters Its Ninth Year (March 14, 2019)13. Statement of the Secretary-General on Syria (March 15, 2019)ChronologyBibliographyList of ContributorsIndexAbout the Editor

Robert M. Kerr, PhD, is Associate Professor of international security and military studies at the U.S. Air Force Air Command and Staff College, USA.

• List of EntriesList of Primary DocumentsOverview of the Syrian Civil WarCauses of the Syrian Civil WarConsequences of the Syrian Civil WarA–Z EntriesAl-Abbas BrigadeAlawites/AlawisAleppoAl-Nusra Front (Jabhat al-Nusra)Al-QaedaAl-Qubeir MassacreAl-Qusayr OffensiveAl-ShamArab LeagueArab SpringArmeniansArmy of Conquest/Jaish al-Fatah (JAF)Assad, Bashar al Assad, Hafez al AssyriansBa’athismBaghdadi, Abu Bakr al Battle of HaffahBattle of MaaloulaBattle of SaraqebBinnishCarter, Ashton “Ash”Chemical Weapons and WarfareChristian Militias in SyriaCircassiansDabiq (Magazine)Dabiq (Place)DamascusDaraa OffensiveDruzeErdogan, Recep TayyipFree Syrian ArmyGolan HeightsHezbollahHomsIdlibInternational Syria Support Group (ISSG)IranIraqIslamic FrontIslamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS)IsraelJabal al-ZawiyaJihadKurdish Peoples Protection Units (YPG)KurdistanLatakiaMaarrat al-Nu’man/Al-Ma’arraNational Coordination Committee/Body for Democratic ChangeNational Defence ForceObama, BarackOperation Euphrates ShieldOperation ShaderOperation Wrath of EuphratesPalmyraPeshmergaPopular Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command (PFLP-GC)Putin, VladimirRefugee CrisisRussiaSalafismShabihaShia IslamSunni IslamSykes-Picot AgreementSyriaSyrian Armed ForcesSyrian Democratic ForcesSyrian Electronic Army (SEA)Trump, Donald J.TurkeyTurkmani, Hassan al United States, Middle East PolicyWeapons of Mass DestructionWhite HelmetsPrimary Documents1. Executive Order 13582—Blocking Property of the Government of Syria and Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect to Syria (August 18, 2011)2. United Nations Security Council Resolution 2042 (April 14, 2012)3. President Barack H. Obama: Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation on Syria (September 10, 2013)4. United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118 (September 27, 2013)5. Vladimir Putin’s Address Following Adoption of a Joint Statement by Russia and the United States on Syria (February 22, 2016)6. Presidential Memorandum on the Plan to Defeat the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (January 28, 2017)7. President Donald J. Trump, Statement on the Anniversary of the 2013 Syrian Chemical Weapons Attack (August 21, 2017)8. Statement by President Trump on Syria (April 13, 2018)9. United Nations General Assembly Summary Report on the High-Level Panel Discussion on Violations of the Human Rights of Children in the Syrian Arab Republic (May 15, 2018)10. Statement by H. E. Walid al-Moualem, Deputy Prime Minister of the Syrian Arab Republic, Made to the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly (September 29, 2018)11. Letter from the Representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation, and Turkey to the United Nations (February 18, 2019)12. Statement by UNHCR Special Envoy Angelina Jolie as Syria Crisis Enters Its Ninth Year (March 14, 2019)13. Statement of the Secretary-General on Syria (March 15, 2019)ChronologyBibliographyList of ContributorsIndexAbout the Editor