Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecoms

Jean-Loup Ferrant worked for Alcatel and Alcatel-Lucent until he retired in 2009, then he continued being Rapporteur of ITU-T SG15Q13 sponsored by Calnex Solutions. Mike Gilson is a Technical Specialist for BT on timing and synchronization based at Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, UK. He represents BT in several standards bodies. Sébastien Jobert is an R&D expert on synchronization, QoS and performance of telecom networks at France Télécom Orange Labs, Lannion, France. Michael Mayer is an active contributor to ITU-T standards and a consultant in timing and synchronization. Laurent Montini is a Technical Leader, based in France, and working in the Corporate Consulting Team within the Research and Advanced Development organization at Cisco. Michel Ouellette is V.P. of Engineering at Iometrix in San Francisco, California, USA, specializing in conformance testing of packet network technologies such as Carrier Ethernet 2.0, MPLS, IEEE1588, SyncE. Silvana Rodrigues is Director of System Engineering at IDT in Ottawa, Canada. She represents IDT in several synchronization standards committees. Stefano Ruffini is the synchronization expert representing Ericsson in various standardization bodies. He works in Pisa, Italy in the Research & Innovation Team within the IP & Broadband Development Unit at Ericsson.

• Foreword xiAbbreviations and Acronyms  xvAcknowledgments  xxviiIntroduction xxxiiiChapter 1. Network Evolutions, Applications and Their Synchronization Requirements 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Evolution from plesiochronous digital hierarchy to optical transport networks  31.2.1. Plesiochronous digital hierarchy and public switch telephone networks 31.2.2. Evolution toward SDH and synchronous optical network 71.2.3. Introduction of optical transport network in transport networks 111.3. Migration and evolution in the next-generation networks: from time division multiplexing to packet networks 121.3.1. Circuit emulation synchronization requirements 141.4. Mobile networks and mobile backhaul 171.4.1. Synchronization requirements in mobile networks 221.5. Synchronization requirements in other applications 271.6. The need to define new synchronization technologies 281.7. Bibliography  30Chapter 2. Synchronization Technologies 332.1. Fundamental aspects related to network synchronization 332.2. Timing transport via the physical layer 422.2.1. Synchronous Ethernet 422.3. Packet timing  472.3.1. Packet timing using traffic data 472.3.2. Packet-based methods 522.4. IEEE 1588 and its Precision Time Protocol 552.4.1. Some essentials of IEEE 1588 562.4.2. IEEE 1588-2002: origin and limitations 642.4.3. IEEE 1588-2008 and PTPv2 682.5. The concept of “profiles” 752.5.1. Frequency profile 772.5.2. Phase and time profile (ITU-T G.8275.1) 812.6. Other packet-based protocols 822.6.1. Packet-based timing: starting with CES 822.6.2. Dedicated timing TDM PW 862.6.3. NTP  872.6.4. Summary and comparison 912.7. GNSS and other radio clock sources 942.7.1. Global and regional space-based timing system 942.7.2. Regional terrestrial systems 1022.7.3. Comparison  1042.8. Summary 1052.9. Bibliography  107Chapter 3. Synchronization Network Architectures in Packet Networks 1113.1. The network synchronization layer 1113.1.1. Network layers and abstraction 1113.1.2. The synchronization layer 1163.2. Functional modeling  1173.3. Frequency synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes using SyncE 1193.3.1. Introduction  1193.3.2. Network topologies 1203.3.3. Redundancy and source traceability 1213.3.4. Use of SSM in real networks 1223.3.5. Networks involving SSUs 1303.3.6. Classical errors during SSM configuration 1313.3.7. Conclusion on synchronization topologies 1333.4. The IEEE 1588 standard and its applicability in telecommunication networks 1333.5. Frequency synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes using IEEE 1588 1343.5.1. Redundancy schemes using IEEE 1588 1363.6. Time synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes 1393.6.1. Locally distributed PRTC 1403.6.2. Packet-based method 1413.6.3. Resiliency and redundancy schemes 1423.7. Bibliography  146Chapter 4. Synchronization Design and Deployments 1494.1. High-level principles 1494.1.1. Network evolution  1524.1.2. Typical mobile networks requirements and evolutions 1584.2. MAKE or BUY network synchronization strategies 1614.2.1. Relationships between MAKE or BUY strategies for network connectivity and Synchronization 1624.2.2. MAKE or BUY network synchronization source strategies 1674.2.3. Fixed/mobile network scenarios 1704.3. Deployment of timing solutions for frequency synchronization needs 1824.3.1. Overview of synchronization solutions for frequency needs 1834.3.2. Synchronous Ethernet deployments 1844.3.3. IEEE 1588 end-to-end deployments 1964.4. Deployment of timing solutions for accurate phase/time synchronization needs 2204.4.1. GNSS deployments and associated issues 2214.4.2. IEEE 1588 full timing support deployments 2254.4.3. Possible migration paths toward IEEE 1588 phase/time profile  2364.5. Bibliography  237Chapter 5. Management and Monitoring of Synchronization Networks  2395.1. Introduction 2395.2. Network management systems and the telecommunications management network (TMN) 2405.3. Synchronization Network management: the synchronization plan and protection 2425.4. Provisioning and setup: manual versus automatic 2455.5. Monitoring functions  2465.6. Management issues in wireless backhaul 2495.7. Network OS integration: M.3000 versus SNMP 2505.8. Bibliography  252Chapter 6. Security Aspects Impacting Synchronization 2556.1. Security and synchronization 2556.1.1. Terminology used in security 2576.1.2. Synchronization in network security ensemble 2596.2. Security of the timing source 2616.2.1. Access security to device 2626.2.2. GNSS signal vulnerability 2636.2.3. Protecting and mitigating from compromise signal 2706.3. Security of synchronization distribution 2746.3.1. Security aspects of physical timing transmission 2756.3.2. Security aspects of packet-based timing transmission 2776.4. Synchronization risk management 2826.5. Bibliography  284Chapter 7. Test and Measurement Aspects of Packet Synchronization Networks 2877.1. Introduction 2877.2. Traditional metrics  2877.3. Equipment configuration 2927.4. Reference signals, cables and connectors 2937.5. Testing Synchronous Ethernet 2937.5.1. Testing the performance of SyncE EEC 2947.5.2. Testing the ESMC protocol 3047.6. Testing the IEEE 1588 end-to-end telecom profile 3087.6.1. Testing the telecom profile – protocol 3087.6.2. Testing the telecom profile – performance of packet networks 3167.6.3. Testing the telecom profile – performance of a PTP packet slave clock  3197.7. Bibliography  326Appendix 1. Standards in Telecom Packet Networks Using Synchronous Ethernet and/or IEEE 1588 329A1.1. Introduction 329A1.2. General content of ITU-T standards 330A1.2.1. Network level  330A1.2.2. Equipment level 331A1.2.3. Use of network and equipment specification 332A1.3. Summary of standards 332A1.3.1. Standards related to SyncE 333A1.3.2. Standards related to IEEE 1588 end-to-end telecom profile for frequency 335A1.3.3. Standards related to IEEE 1588 full timing support telecom profile for phase and time transport 337A1.4. Bibliography  339Appendix 2. Jitter Estimation by Statistical Study (JESS) Metric Definition 341A2.1. Mathematical definition of JESS 341A2.2. Mathematical definition of JESS-w 342Permissions and Credits 345Biography  349Index  353