Sustainable Resource Development

Gary M. Zatzman is a researcher with the EEC Research Organization, a multinational community of researchers from various fields in engineering, social science, and the natural sciences researching ways for industry to become sustainable, both from an economic and environmental standpoint. With decades of industry and teaching experience and dozens of papers and books to his credit, the author is one of the world’s foremost authorities on sustainability in the energy sector.

• Acknowledgements xiiiPreface xvIntroduction xvii1 A True Sustainability Criterion and Its Implications 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Importance of a Sustainability Criterion 31.3 Criterion: The Switch that Determines Direction at a Bifurcation Point 81.3.1 Some Applications of the Criterion 111.4 Current Practices in Petroleum Engineering 161.5 Development of a Sustainable Model 241.6 Violation of Characteristic Time 261.7 Analogies with Physical Phenomena 311.8 Intangible Cause to Tangible Consequence 321.9 Removable Discontinuities: Phases and Renewability of Materials 341.10 Rebalancing Mass and Energy 351.11 Holes in the Current Energy Model 371.12 Tools Needed for Sustainable Petroleum Operations 401.13 Conditions of Sustainability 431.14 Sustainability Indicators 441.15 Assessing the Overall Performance of a Process 462 "Alternative" and Conventional Energy Sources: Trail-Mix, Tom Mix or Global Mixup? 592.1 Introduction 632.2 Global 682.3 Solar Energy 742.4 Hydroelectric Power 782.5 Ocean Thermal, Wave and Tidal Energy 792.6 Windi Energy 802.7 Bioenergy 822.8 Fuelwood 822.9 Bioethanol 832.10 Biodiesel 862.11 Nuclear Power 882.12 Geothermal Energy 912.13 Hydrogen Energy 922.14 Global [ Efficiency 942.15 Solar Energy 952.16 "Global Warming" 1132.17 Impact of Energy Technology and Policy 1172.18 Energy Demand in Emerging Economies 1192.19 Conventional Global Energy Model 1202.20 Renewable vs Non-renewable: Is There a Boundary? 1212.21 Knowledge-Enriched Global Energy Model 1262.22 Conclusions 1283 Electricity and Sustainability 1313.1 Electrical Power as the World's Premier Non-Primary Energy Source 1313.2 Consequences of the Ubiquity of Electric Power Services 1433.3 The Last Twenty Years of "Electrical Services Reform" in the United States 1504 The Zero-Waste Concept and Its Applications 169Part A. Petroleum Engineering Applications 1694.1 Introduction 1704.2 Petroleum Refining 1724.3 Zero-Waste Impacts on Product Life Cycle (Transportation, Use, and End-of-Life) 1934.4 No-Flaring Technique 194Part B. Other Applications of the 'Zero-Waste' Principle 2054.5 Zero-Waste Living and the Anaerobic Biodigester 2054.6 Solar Aquatic Process Purifies Waste (including Desal-inated) Water 2094.7 Last Word 2125 Natural Gas 2935.1 Introduction 2935.2 Divergence of Energy Commodity Pricing From Laws of Supply and Demand 3035.3 Sustainability and the Increasing Fascination with Natural Gas 3075.4 Natural Gas Pricing, Markets, Risk Management, and Supply 3115.5 Natural Gas in Eurasia 3285.6 Nature As The New Model 3336 OPEC — The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 3596.1 Birthmarks — The First Twenty Years 3596.2 OPEC's Hard Choices in the Era of the Bush Doctrine 3676.3 Monopoly, Cartel, Rentier — or Instrumentality for Economic Independence? 3806.4 Postscript (Friday 21 October 2011) 4007 Concluding Remarks 405Appendix 409Al Taking Economics Backward As Science 416A2 Developing a Theory of Marginal Information Utility Based on "The Alternative Approach of Beginning with Highly Simplified, Quite Concrete Models" 418A3 Imperfections of Information, or Oligopoly and Monopoly? 426A4 Afterword 435Bibliography 443Introductory Note 443I. Bibliography 445II. Websites 494Index 497