Sustainable Polygeneration based on Carbon Capture and Utilisation

Falah Alobaid is Professor and Head of the Institute for Industrial Energy Systems at Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (LUT), Finland. Bernd Epple is Professor and Head of the Institute for Energy Systems and Technology at Technical University of Darmstadt (TUDa), Germany.

• Foreword xiiPreface xivNomenclature xviBefore You Start Reading xxxiii1 Introduction 11.1 Carbon Dioxide 21.2 Conversion Processes 71.3 Polygeneration 101.4 Structure 122 Energy Conversion Processes 192.1 Introduction 192.2 Solid Fuels 213 Combustion 373.1 Introduction 373.2 Technologies and Processes 403.3 Thermodynamic Cycle 783.4 Pollutant Emissions 904 Gasification 1114.1 Introduction 1114.2 Technologies and Processes 1134.3 Product Gas Purification and Conditioning 1504.4 Syngas Conversion Technologies 1625 Other Conversion Technologies 2055.1 Pyrolysis 2055.2 Hydrothermal Process 2105.3 Steam Reforming 2126 Semi-industrial Scale Conversion Experiments 2236.1 Introduction 2236.2 Combustion 2236.3 Gasification 2407 Carbon Capture, Storage/Utilisation 2597.1 Introduction 2597.2 CO2 Transportation 2747.3 CO2 Storage/Utilisation 2758 Pre-combustion Carbon Capture 2838.1 Introduction 2838.2 Conversion Processes 2848.3 Carbon Capture Methods 2859 Post-combustion Carbon Capture 3119.1 Introduction 3119.2 Carbon Capture Methods 3119.3 Carbonate-looping Process 32310 Oxyfuel Combustion 35910.1 Introduction 35910.2 Non-cryogenic Processes 36310.3 Cryogenic Processes 36810.4 Solar-assisted Oxyfuel Combustion Processes 36910.5 Technologies Comparison 37010.6 Chemical-looping Combustion 37211 Carbon Dioxide Utilisation 39911.1 Introduction 39911.2 Technologies and Processes 40111.3 Technologies Comparison 41112 Semi-industrial Scale Carbon Capture Experiments 41912.1 Introduction 41912.2 Carbonate-looping Process 41912.3 Oxyfuel Combustion 43612.4 Absorption-based Carbon Capture Processes 44413 Sustainability and Polygeneration 44913.1 Introduction 44913.2 Conversion Devices and Outputs 45513.3 Polygeneration with Carbon Capture 47113.4 Methodologies for Polygeneration Evaluation 47214 Polygeneration Plants Based on Fossil Fuels 47914.1 Introduction 47914.2 Coal-based Polygeneration 48014.3 Natural Gas-based Polygeneration 49614.4 Other Fossil Fuel-based Polygeneration 50614.5 Multiple Fossil-fuels-based Polygeneration 50915 Polygeneration Systems Based on Renewable Energy 52115.1 Introduction 52115.2 Biomass-based Polygeneration 52215.3 Solar-based Polygeneration 53415.4 Geothermal-based Polygeneration 53715.5 Wind-based Polygeneration 54015.6 Multiple Renewable Energy-based Polygeneration 54016 Hybrid Polygeneration Plants Based on Renewables and Fossil Fuels 55317 Numerical Simulation of Polygeneration 56718 Process Simulation 57118.1 Introduction 57118.2 Process Components 57318.3 Automation Components 58418.4 Electrical Components 59318.5 Additional Components 59618.6 Thermal Hydraulic Models 59919 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation 61919.1 Introduction 61919.2 Single-phase Flow 62019.3 Two-phase Flow 62419.4 Turbulence 64920 Process and Computational Fluid Dynamics Studies 655Bibliography 66221 Conclusion 673Index 679