Sustainable Materials for Electrochemcial Capacitors

Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in the multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has published about 190 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 60 edited books with multiple well-known publishers. Tariq Altalhi, PhD, is Head of the Department of Chemistry and Vice Dean of Science College at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. He received his PhD from the University of Adelaide, Australia in 2014. His research interests include developing advanced chemistry-based solutions for solid and liquid municipal waste management, converting plastic bags to carbon nanotubes, and fly ash to efficient adsorbent material. He also researches natural extracts and their application in the generation of value-added products such as nanomaterials. Sayed Mohammed Adnan, PhD, is a faculty member of the Department of Chemical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, India.

• Preface xv1 Sustainable Materials for Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Eco Materials 1R. Kumar and R. Thangappan1.1 Introduction 11.2 Eco-Carbon-Based Electrode Materials 31.3 Eco-Metal Oxide-Based Electrode Materials 81.4 Eco-Carbon-Based Material/Metal Oxide Composite Electrode Materials 111.5 Conclusion 132 Solid Waste-Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors 19Shreeganesh Subraya Hegde and Badekai Ramachandra Bhat2.1 Introduction 192.2 Solid Waste as a Source of CNS 202.3 Preparation and Activation Methods of Solid Waste-Derived CNS 232.4 Effect of Structural and Morphological Diversities on Electrochemical Performance 252.5 Environmental Trash-Derived CNS in Electrochemical Capacitors 262.6 Challenges and Future Prospects 272.7 Conclusions 273 Metal Hydroxides 33Rida Fatima, Sania Naseer, Muhammad Rehan Hasan Shah Gilani, Muhammad Aamir and Javeed Akhtar3.1 Introduction 333.2 Method to Fabricate Metal Hydroxide 343.3 Properties and Applications of MOHs 363.4 Examples of Metal Hydroxide 493.5 Conclusions 574 Porous Organic Polymers: Genres, Chemistry, Synthetic Strategies, and Diversified Applications 65V. Renuga4.1 Introduction 654.2 Family of Porous Organic Materials 704.3 Conclusions and Perspectives 1125 Gel-Type Natural Polymers as Electroconductive Materials 133Arshpreet Kaur, Madhvi and Dhiraj Sud5.1 Introduction 1335.2 Natural Polymers 1345.3 Synthesis Methods for Fabrication of Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels 1445.4 Natural Polymer-Based Physically Cross-Linked Hydrogels 1475.5 Properties of Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels 1485.6 Stimuli Sensitivity of Hydrogels 1505.7 Application of Hydrogels as Electrochemical Supercapacitors 1505.8 Conducting Polymer Hydrogels as Electrode Materials 1545.9 Conducting Polymer Hydrogels as Electrolyte Materials 1565.10 Conclusion 1596 Ionic Liquids for Supercapacitors 167Guocai Tian6.1 Introduction 1676.2 Brief Introduction of Supercapacitor 1696.3 Ionic Liquids and Its Unique Properties 1746.4 Application of Ionic Liquids in Supercapacitors 1816.5 Conclusion and Prospective 1937 Functional Binders for Electrochemical Capacitors 205Purnima Baruah and Debajyoti Mahanta7.1 Introduction 2057.2 Characteristics of Binder 2067.3 Method of Fabricating Supercapacitor Electrode 2077.4 Mechanism of Binding Process 2077.5 Classification of Binders 2087.6 Characterization Techniques 2097.7 Conventional Binders and Related Issues 2097.8 Sustainable Binders 2107.9 Conclusion 2168 Sustainable Substitutes for Fluorinated Electrolytes in Electrochemical Capacitors 221Sina Yaghoubi, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Aziz Babapoor and Chin Wei Lai8.1 Introduction 2218.2 Fluorinated Electrolytes 2248.3 Sustainable Substitutes for Fluorinated Electrolytes 2278.4 Performance of Sustainable Electrolytes Compared to Fluorinated Electrolytes 2348.5 Final Remarks 2369 Aqueous Redox-Active Electrolytes 247Ranganatha S.9.1 Introduction 2479.2 Effect of the Electrolyte on Supercapacitor Performance 2489.3 Aqueous Electrolytes 2509.4 Acidic Electrolytes 2519.5 Alkaline Electrolytes 2529.6 Neutral Electrolyte 2549.7 Conclusion and Future Research Directions 25710 Biodegradable Electrolytes 261Tuba Saleem, Ijaz Rasul, Habibullah Nadeem, Sanora Sehar and Arfaa Sajid10.1 Introduction 26110.2 Classification of Biodegradable Electrolytes 26310.3 Preparation of Biodegradable Electrolytes 26810.4 Some Defined Ways to Increase the Ionic Conductivity 26810.5 Factors Affecting Ion Conduction of Biodegradable Polymer Electrolytes 26910.6 Properties of Ideal Biodegradable Electrolyte System 27010.7 Applications of Biodegradable Electrolytes 27010.8 Conclusion 27311 Supercapattery: An Electrochemical Energy Storage Device 279Fiona Joyline Mascarenhas, Shreeganesh Subraya Hegde and Badekai Ramachandra Bhat11.1 Introduction 27911.2 Batteries and Capacitors 28011.3 Supercapattery Device and Electrode Materials 28111.4 Advantages and Challenges of Supercapatteries 28711.5 Conclusions 28712 Ceramic Multilayers and Films for High-Performance Supercapacitors 291Sonali Verma, Bhavya Padha and Sandeep Arya12.1 Introduction 29112.2 Different Types of Ceramic Materials 29212.3 Multilayer Structure 29312.4 Supercapacitors Based on Ceramic Materials 29412.5 Challenges and Prospects 29712.6 Conclusion 29813 Potential Applications in Sustainable Supercapacitors 305Pitchaimani Veerakumar13.1 Introduction 30613.2 Fundamentals and Components of SCs 30713.3 Sustainable Nanomaterials in SCs 31113.4 Sustainable Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage 31513.5 Conclusions 32514 Wearable Supercapacitors 339Preety Ahuja, Sanjeev Kumar Ujjain, M. Ramanand Singh, Neelu Dheer and Rajni Kanojia14.1 Introduction 33914.2 Working Principle 34014.3 Design of Electrode Materials 34214.4 Wearable Supercapacitor 34614.5 Integrated Application 35014.6 Conclusion 35415 Electrospun Materials 361Hina Sahar, Sania Naseer, Muhammad Rehan Hasan Shah Gilani, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Muhammad Aamir and Javeed Akhtar15.1 Introduction 36115.2 Electrospinning Process 36215.3 Advantages of Electrospinning Technique 36315.4 Working Parameters of Electrospinning Process 36315.5 Electrospinning-Based Preparation Methods for Nanofibers 36715.6 Formation of Pore in Electrospun Polymer Fibers 36815.7 Modification of Electrospun Micro- and Nanofibers 37115.8 Applications 37515.9 Conclusion 38216 Polysaccharide Biomaterials for Electrochemical Applications 391Neelam Srivastava and Dipti Yadav16.1 Introduction 39116.2 Polysaccharides in Energy Devices 39317 Polymer Inks for Printable Supercapacitors 415Yurui Liu, Yijie Zhou and Yanfei Xu17.1 Introduction 41517.2 Screen Printing 41917.3 Inkjet Printing 41917.4 3D Printing 41917.5 Conclusion and Outlook 42218 Biomass-Derived Carbon for Supercapacitors 427Priyadharshini M., Pazhanivel T. and Hariprasath K. R.18.1 Introduction 42818.2 Tuneable Physiochemical Properties 42918.3 Synthesis Procedure 43218.4 Main Categories of Biomass 43218.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective 436References 437Index 441