Shruti Kanga, PhD, is an associate professor and coordinator at the Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. She has experience teaching at several universities and working in industry in the areas of land management and resource development. She has several articles in scientific journals and a few books to her credit as an author. She is presently on the reviewer panel for several research journals, and she is supervising several PhD students on their dissertations.Varun Narayan Mishra, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. He has published around 40 research papers in various reputed international peer-reviewed journals and is a reviewer of several reputed international journals.Suraj Kumar Singh, PhD, is an associate professor and coordinator at the Centre for Sustainable Development, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. He has published various research papers in national and international journals and participated and organized international conferences, workshops, symposiums, and webinars. He is presently on the reviewer panel for several research journals, and he is supervising several PhD students on their dissertations.

• Preface xvAcknowledgement xxi1 The Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Vegetation Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Barasat Municipal Area 1Aniruddha Debnath, Ritesh Kumar, Taniya Singh and Ravindra Prawasi1.1 Introduction 21.2 Study Area 41.3 Datasets and Methodology 41.3.1 Datasets 41.3.2 Methodology 41.4 Results and Discussion 71.4.1 Pattern of LULC in Barasat 81.4.2 Urban Sprawl 91.4.3 Impact of Urban Sprawl on Vegetation Cover 101.4.4 Impact of Urban Sprawl on LST 111.4.5 Relationship Between NDVI and LST 121.4.6 Urban Heat Island 121.5 Conclusion 16Acknowledgement 19References 192 Geo-Environmental Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Over South Karanpura Coalfield Region of India 23Akshay Kumar, Shashank Shekhar, Anamika Shalini Tirkey and Akhouri Pramod Krishna2.1 Introduction 242.2 Study Area 262.3 Methodology and Data Used 282.4 Result and Discussion 302.4.1 Thematic Layers of GHI 302.4.1.1 AOT, PWV, and Temperature 302.4.1.2 Land Use/Land Cover 322.4.2 Thematic Layers of SVI 332.4.2.1 Population Density 342.4.2.2 Total Worker 362.4.2.3 Children Age Group (0–6 years) (CAG) 362.4.2.4 Literacy Rate 362.4.3 Geo-Environmental Hazard and Socio-Economic Vulnerability Assessment 372.4.3.1 Geo-Environmental Hazard Index 372.4.3.2 Socio-Economic Vulnerability Index 392.4.4 CMRI Assessment 392.5 Conclusion 41References 42Appendix: List of Abbreviations 443 Bistatic Scatterometer Measurements for Soil Moisture Estimation Using Grid Partition–Based Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System at L-Band 47Ajeet Kumar Vishwakarma and Rajendra Prasad3.1 Introduction 483.2 Methods and Materials 493.2.1 Bistatic Scatterometer System 493.2.2 Measurement of Soil Moisture Content 493.2.3 Methods 513.2.3.1 G-ANFIS 513.3 Result and Discussions 513.4 Conclusions 53References 544 Morphometric Analysis of Tapi Drainage Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques 57Pavankumar Giri, Pranaya Diwate and Yadao Kumar Mawale4.1 Introduction 574.2 Study Area 584.3 Methodology 594.4 Results and Discussion 604.4.1 Morphometric Analysis of Basin 604.4.1.1 Linear Aspect 604.4.1.2 Relief Aspects 644.4.1.3 Aerial Aspects 654.5 Conclusion 69Acknowledgments 70References 705 Efficacy of GOSAT Data for Global Distribution of CO2 Emission 73Laxmi Kant Sharma and Rajani Kant Verma5.1 Introduction 735.2 Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases From Space 745.3 GOSAT Satellite 745.3.1 Sensors Description of GOSAT 755.4 Methodology 755.5 Results and Discussion 805.6 Conclusion 83References 836 Development of a Smart Village Through Micro-Level Planning Using Geospatial Techniques—A Case Study of Jangal Aurahi Village of Gorakhpur District 85Swati Pandey and Gaurav Tripathi6.1 Introduction 866.2 Study Area 876.3 Data Used and Methodology 876.3.1 Satellite Data 896.3.2 Cadastral Data 896.3.3 Ground Truth Data 896.3.4 Survey of India Toposheet 896.3.5 Methodology 896.4 Result and Discussion 986.4.1 Action Plan Map 986.4.1.1 Soil Resources Action Plan 996.4.1.2 Water Resources Action Plan 1006.4.1.3 Action Plan for Waste Water Management 1026.4.1.4 Action Plan Solid Waste Management 1026.4.1.5 Action Plan for Land Use Management 1036.5 Conclusion 105References 1077 Land Appraisal for the Growth of Potato Cultivation: A Study of Sagar Island, India 111Sabir Hossain Molla, Rukhsana and Asraful Alam7.1 Introduction 1127.2 Study Area 1137.3 Materials and Method 1157.3.1 Data Source 1157.3.2 Generation of Different Thematic Layers for Land Suitability Evaluation of Potato Cultivation 1167.3.3 Assigning Weight of Parameters and MCE 1177.3.4 Generation of Land Suitability Map (LSM) and Overlaid With LULC Map 1207.4 Results and Discussion 1217.4.1 Determination of Suitable Zones for Potato Cultivation at Different Land Suitability Parameters 1217.4.2 Suitability Map 1227.5 Conclusions 124References 1248 Landslide Vulnerability Mapping Using Geospatial Technology 127Saravanan Kothandaraman, Dinagarapandi Pandi and Mohan Kuppusamy8.1 Introduction 1288.2 Study Area 1308.3 Materials and Methods 1328.4 Summary 137References 1379 Assessment of Impacts of Coal Mining–Induced Subsidence on Native Flora and Native Forest Land: A Brief Review 141Ashish Kumar Vishwakarma, Rajesh Rai, Ashwani Kumar Sonkar, Tusarkanta Behera and Bal Krishna Shrivastva9.1 Introduction 1429.2 Material and Methods 1449.2.1 Impacts of Subsidence on Forest Lands 1449.2.2 Impacts on the Health of Native Floras 1459.2.3 Impacts on Soil Functions 1479.3 Conclusions 149References 14910 Application of GI Science in Morphometric Analysis: A Case Study of the Gomati River Watershed in District Bageshwar, Uttarakhand 153Anand Kumar and Upasana Choudhury10.1 Introduction 15310.2 Study Area 15510.3 Materials and Methodology 15610.3.1 Extraction of the Gomati River Basin 15610.4 Results and Discussion 16010.4.1 Aspect 16010.4.2 Slope 16110.4.3 Linear Aspect 16110.4.3.1 Stream Order (Sμ) 16210.4.3.2 Stream Number 16210.4.3.3 Stream Length 16310.4.3.4 Mean Stream Length 16310.4.3.5 Stream Length Ratio 16310.4.3.6 Bifurcation Ratio 16310.4.4 Aerial Aspect 16310.4.4.1 Basin Area 16410.4.4.2 Drainage Density 16410.4.4.3 Drainage Frequency 16410.4.4.4 Drainage Texture 16410.4.4.5 Form Factor Ratio 16510.4.4.6 Elongation Ratio 16510.4.4.7 Circulatory Ratio 16610.4.5 Relief Aspects 16610.4.5.1 Basin Relief 16610.4.5.2 Relief Ratio 16610.5 Conclusion 167References 16711 Water Audit: Sustainable Strategy for Water Resource Assessment and Gap Analysis 169Kirti Avishek, Mala Kumari, Pranav Dev Singh and Kanchan Lakra11.1 Introduction 16911.2 Material and Methodology 17211.2.1 Pre-Audit Phase 17211.2.2 Audit Phase 17211.2.2.1 Population Estimation of BIT Campus 17211.2.2.2 Water Source Identification 17211.2.2.3 Water Demand Assessment 17211.2.2.4 Gap assessment 17511.2.3 Post-Audit Phase 17511.3 Result 17511.3.1 Water Demand Assessment 17511.3.2 Water Audit Report and Analysis 17611.3.2.1 Water Audit of Hostel No. 9 17611.3.2.2 Water Audit for Hostel 8 18111.4 Conclusions 181References 18212 Multi-Temporal Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Change Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques of Durg Block, Durg District, Chhattisgarh, India 185Jai Prakash Koshale and Chanchal Singh12.1 Introduction 18612.2 Study Area 18712.3 Materials and Methods 18912.3.1 Data Acquisition 18912.3.2 Software Used 18912.3.3 Methodology 18912.4 Result and Discussion 19112.4.1 LULC Statistics of October 2005 (Post-Monsoon) 19112.4.2 LULC Statistics of October 2016 (Post-Monsoon) 19212.4.3 LULC Changes Between October 2005 and October 2016 (Post-Monsoon) 19512.4.4 LULC Statistics of February 2006 (Pre-Monsoon) 19912.4.5 LULC Statistics of February 2017 (Pre-Monsoon) 19912.4.6 LULC Changes Between February 2006 and February 2017 (Pre-Monsoon) 20012.5 Conclusion 201Acknowledgment 202References 20213 Climate Vulnerability and Adaption Assessment in Bundelkhand Region, India 205Prem Prakash and Prabuddh Kumar Mishra13.1 Introduction 20613.1.1 Climate Change and Vulnerability Assessment 20613.1.2 LVI for Bundelkhand Region 20813.2 Conclusion 213References 21314 Suitable Zone for Sustainable Ground Water Assessment in Dhanbad Block, Jharkhand, India 215Raghib Raza14.1 Introduction 21614.2 Study Area 21714.2.1 Slope 21714.2.2 Ground Water Label 21814.2.3 LU/LC Mapping 21914.2.4 Geology Features 22014.2.5 Soil 22114.3 Methodology 22214.3.1 Overlay Analysis to Find Groundwater Potential Zone 22314.4 Results 22314.5 Conclusions 226References 22715 Detecting Land Use/Land Cover Change of East and West Kamrup Division of Assam Using Geospatial Techniques 229Upasana Choudhury and Anand Kumar15.1 Introduction 22915.2 Study Area 23215.3 Materials and Methodology 23215.4 Results and Discussion 23215.4.1 Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and Change Analysis 23215.4.2 The Change Matrix Cross Tabulation 23515.4.3 Classification Accuracy Assessment 23615.5 Conclusion 236References 24116 Climate Resilient Housing—An Alternate Option to Cope with Natural Disasters: A Study in Fani Cyclonic Storm Affected Areas of Odisha 243Kiran Jalem and Subrat Kumar Mishra16.1 Introduction 24416.2 Study Area and Methodology 24516.3 Discussion 25016.3.1 Climate Resilient Housing in the Fani Affected Districts 25016.4 Policy Recommendation 251References 25217 Role of Geo-Informatics in Natural Resource Management During Disasters: A Case Study of Gujarat Floods, 2017 253Ritambhara K. Upadhyay, Sandeep Pandey and Gaurav Tripathi17.1 Background 25317.1.1 Understanding Disasters: Natural and Anthropogenic 25317.1.2 Disaster-Risk Reduction 25517.1.3 Disaster Preparedness 25617.1.4 Disaster Management 25717.1.5 Role of Geo-Informatics in Disaster Management 25817.1.6 Structural Measures of Flood Risk Management 25917.1.6.1 Dams 26017.1.6.2 Levee and Levee Overtopping 26017.1.6.3 Flood Diversion 26117.1.6.4 Transverse Dikes 26117.1.6.5 Water Traps 26117.1.6.6 Watershed and Afforestation 26117.1.7 Non-Structural Measures of Flood Risk Management 26217.1.7.1 Non-Structural Measures 26217.1.7.2 Flood Plain Zoning 26317.1.7.3 Flood Forecasting 26317.1.7.4 Flood Plain Development 26417.1.7.5 Flood Insurance 26417.1.7.6 Flood Proofing 26517.1.7.7 Catchment Management 26517.2 Flood Preparedness Measures 26617.3 Flood Response Measures 26817.3.1 Components of Flood Response 26817.3.1.1 Estimation of Severity of Flood 26917.3.1.2 Emergency Search and Rescue 26917.3.1.3 Emergency Relief 26917.3.1.4 Incident Response System 27017.3.1.5 Control Room Set-Up 27117.3.1.6 Model Action Plan 27117.3.1.7 Community-Based Disaster Preparedness and Response 27217.3.1.8 Emergency Logistics and Equipment 27217.3.1.9 Emergency Medical Response 27217.3.1.10 State Disaster Response Force 27317.4 Gujarat Flood Case Study 2017 27417.5 Preparedness Measures by State Government 27817.6 Media Handling 27817.7 Rescue Operation 27917.8 Relief Work 27917.9 Speedy Restoration of Essential Services 28017.10 Use of Drones—New Initiative Adopted 281References 28118 Environmental Impacts by the Clustering of Rice Mills, Ernakulam District, Kerala State 283L. Vineetha and T.S. Lancelet18.1 Introduction 28418.2 Environmental Pollution and Rice Processing Industries 28418.3 Study Area 28518.4 Methodology and Review of Literature 28618.5 Spatial Distribution of Rice Mill Clustering 28718.6 Parboiling Process and Characteristics of Rice Mill Effluents 29218.7 Description of Rice Mills Taken for Assessing the Impact on Environment 29218.8 First Model Cluster 29218.9 Overutilization of Groundwater Resources 29218.10 Physio-Chemical Analysis of Rice Mill Effluent From Second Model Cluster 29318.10.1 pH Value 29418.10.2 Color (Hazen) 29618.10.3 Total Dissolved Solids/TSSs 29618.10.4 Chloride and Sulphate 29718.10.5 Potassium 29718.10.6 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand 29718.10.7 Chemical Oxygen Demand 29718.11 Conclusion 298References 29819 GIS-Based Investigation of Topography, Watershed, and Hydrological Parameters of Wainganga River Basin, Central India 301Nanabhau Santujee Kudnar19.1 Introduction 30219.2 Study Area 30319.3 Methodology 30319.4 Results and Discussions 30519.4.1 Physiographical Regions Area 30519.4.2 Absolute Relief 30519.4.3 Digital Elevation Model 30619.4.4 The WRB Catchment Area 30819.4.5 Land Use Pattern 31019.4.6 Hydrology 31119.4.6.1 Inflows 31319.4.6.2 Rainfall-Runoff Modeling 31319.5 Conclusion 315Abbreviations 315References 316Index 319

Shruti Kanga, PhD, is an associate professor and coordinator at the Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. She has experience teaching at several universities and working in industry in the areas of land management and resource development. She has several articles in scientific journals and a few books to her credit as an author. She is presently on the reviewer panel for several research journals, and she is supervising several PhD students on their dissertations.Varun Narayan Mishra, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. He has published around 40 research papers in various reputed international peer-reviewed journals and is a reviewer of several reputed international journals.Suraj Kumar Singh, PhD, is an associate professor and coordinator at the Centre for Sustainable Development, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. He has published various research papers in national and international journals and participated and organized international conferences, workshops, symposiums, and webinars. He is presently on the reviewer panel for several research journals, and he is supervising several PhD students on their dissertations.

• Preface xvAcknowledgement xxi1 The Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Vegetation Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Barasat Municipal Area 1Aniruddha Debnath, Ritesh Kumar, Taniya Singh and Ravindra Prawasi1.1 Introduction 21.2 Study Area 41.3 Datasets and Methodology 41.3.1 Datasets 41.3.2 Methodology 41.4 Results and Discussion 71.4.1 Pattern of LULC in Barasat 81.4.2 Urban Sprawl 91.4.3 Impact of Urban Sprawl on Vegetation Cover 101.4.4 Impact of Urban Sprawl on LST 111.4.5 Relationship Between NDVI and LST 121.4.6 Urban Heat Island 121.5 Conclusion 16Acknowledgement 19References 192 Geo-Environmental Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Over South Karanpura Coalfield Region of India 23Akshay Kumar, Shashank Shekhar, Anamika Shalini Tirkey and Akhouri Pramod Krishna2.1 Introduction 242.2 Study Area 262.3 Methodology and Data Used 282.4 Result and Discussion 302.4.1 Thematic Layers of GHI 302.4.1.1 AOT, PWV, and Temperature 302.4.1.2 Land Use/Land Cover 322.4.2 Thematic Layers of SVI 332.4.2.1 Population Density 342.4.2.2 Total Worker 362.4.2.3 Children Age Group (0–6 years) (CAG) 362.4.2.4 Literacy Rate 362.4.3 Geo-Environmental Hazard and Socio-Economic Vulnerability Assessment 372.4.3.1 Geo-Environmental Hazard Index 372.4.3.2 Socio-Economic Vulnerability Index 392.4.4 CMRI Assessment 392.5 Conclusion 41References 42Appendix: List of Abbreviations 443 Bistatic Scatterometer Measurements for Soil Moisture Estimation Using Grid Partition–Based Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System at L-Band 47Ajeet Kumar Vishwakarma and Rajendra Prasad3.1 Introduction 483.2 Methods and Materials 493.2.1 Bistatic Scatterometer System 493.2.2 Measurement of Soil Moisture Content 493.2.3 Methods 513.2.3.1 G-ANFIS 513.3 Result and Discussions 513.4 Conclusions 53References 544 Morphometric Analysis of Tapi Drainage Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques 57Pavankumar Giri, Pranaya Diwate and Yadao Kumar Mawale4.1 Introduction 574.2 Study Area 584.3 Methodology 594.4 Results and Discussion 604.4.1 Morphometric Analysis of Basin 604.4.1.1 Linear Aspect 604.4.1.2 Relief Aspects 644.4.1.3 Aerial Aspects 654.5 Conclusion 69Acknowledgments 70References 705 Efficacy of GOSAT Data for Global Distribution of CO2 Emission 73Laxmi Kant Sharma and Rajani Kant Verma5.1 Introduction 735.2 Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases From Space 745.3 GOSAT Satellite 745.3.1 Sensors Description of GOSAT 755.4 Methodology 755.5 Results and Discussion 805.6 Conclusion 83References 836 Development of a Smart Village Through Micro-Level Planning Using Geospatial Techniques—A Case Study of Jangal Aurahi Village of Gorakhpur District 85Swati Pandey and Gaurav Tripathi6.1 Introduction 866.2 Study Area 876.3 Data Used and Methodology 876.3.1 Satellite Data 896.3.2 Cadastral Data 896.3.3 Ground Truth Data 896.3.4 Survey of India Toposheet 896.3.5 Methodology 896.4 Result and Discussion 986.4.1 Action Plan Map 986.4.1.1 Soil Resources Action Plan 996.4.1.2 Water Resources Action Plan 1006.4.1.3 Action Plan for Waste Water Management 1026.4.1.4 Action Plan Solid Waste Management 1026.4.1.5 Action Plan for Land Use Management 1036.5 Conclusion 105References 1077 Land Appraisal for the Growth of Potato Cultivation: A Study of Sagar Island, India 111Sabir Hossain Molla, Rukhsana and Asraful Alam7.1 Introduction 1127.2 Study Area 1137.3 Materials and Method 1157.3.1 Data Source 1157.3.2 Generation of Different Thematic Layers for Land Suitability Evaluation of Potato Cultivation 1167.3.3 Assigning Weight of Parameters and MCE 1177.3.4 Generation of Land Suitability Map (LSM) and Overlaid With LULC Map 1207.4 Results and Discussion 1217.4.1 Determination of Suitable Zones for Potato Cultivation at Different Land Suitability Parameters 1217.4.2 Suitability Map 1227.5 Conclusions 124References 1248 Landslide Vulnerability Mapping Using Geospatial Technology 127Saravanan Kothandaraman, Dinagarapandi Pandi and Mohan Kuppusamy8.1 Introduction 1288.2 Study Area 1308.3 Materials and Methods 1328.4 Summary 137References 1379 Assessment of Impacts of Coal Mining–Induced Subsidence on Native Flora and Native Forest Land: A Brief Review 141Ashish Kumar Vishwakarma, Rajesh Rai, Ashwani Kumar Sonkar, Tusarkanta Behera and Bal Krishna Shrivastva9.1 Introduction 1429.2 Material and Methods 1449.2.1 Impacts of Subsidence on Forest Lands 1449.2.2 Impacts on the Health of Native Floras 1459.2.3 Impacts on Soil Functions 1479.3 Conclusions 149References 14910 Application of GI Science in Morphometric Analysis: A Case Study of the Gomati River Watershed in District Bageshwar, Uttarakhand 153Anand Kumar and Upasana Choudhury10.1 Introduction 15310.2 Study Area 15510.3 Materials and Methodology 15610.3.1 Extraction of the Gomati River Basin 15610.4 Results and Discussion 16010.4.1 Aspect 16010.4.2 Slope 16110.4.3 Linear Aspect 16110.4.3.1 Stream Order (Sμ) 16210.4.3.2 Stream Number 16210.4.3.3 Stream Length 16310.4.3.4 Mean Stream Length 16310.4.3.5 Stream Length Ratio 16310.4.3.6 Bifurcation Ratio 16310.4.4 Aerial Aspect 16310.4.4.1 Basin Area 16410.4.4.2 Drainage Density 16410.4.4.3 Drainage Frequency 16410.4.4.4 Drainage Texture 16410.4.4.5 Form Factor Ratio 16510.4.4.6 Elongation Ratio 16510.4.4.7 Circulatory Ratio 16610.4.5 Relief Aspects 16610.4.5.1 Basin Relief 16610.4.5.2 Relief Ratio 16610.5 Conclusion 167References 16711 Water Audit: Sustainable Strategy for Water Resource Assessment and Gap Analysis 169Kirti Avishek, Mala Kumari, Pranav Dev Singh and Kanchan Lakra11.1 Introduction 16911.2 Material and Methodology 17211.2.1 Pre-Audit Phase 17211.2.2 Audit Phase 17211.2.2.1 Population Estimation of BIT Campus 17211.2.2.2 Water Source Identification 17211.2.2.3 Water Demand Assessment 17211.2.2.4 Gap assessment 17511.2.3 Post-Audit Phase 17511.3 Result 17511.3.1 Water Demand Assessment 17511.3.2 Water Audit Report and Analysis 17611.3.2.1 Water Audit of Hostel No. 9 17611.3.2.2 Water Audit for Hostel 8 18111.4 Conclusions 181References 18212 Multi-Temporal Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Change Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques of Durg Block, Durg District, Chhattisgarh, India 185Jai Prakash Koshale and Chanchal Singh12.1 Introduction 18612.2 Study Area 18712.3 Materials and Methods 18912.3.1 Data Acquisition 18912.3.2 Software Used 18912.3.3 Methodology 18912.4 Result and Discussion 19112.4.1 LULC Statistics of October 2005 (Post-Monsoon) 19112.4.2 LULC Statistics of October 2016 (Post-Monsoon) 19212.4.3 LULC Changes Between October 2005 and October 2016 (Post-Monsoon) 19512.4.4 LULC Statistics of February 2006 (Pre-Monsoon) 19912.4.5 LULC Statistics of February 2017 (Pre-Monsoon) 19912.4.6 LULC Changes Between February 2006 and February 2017 (Pre-Monsoon) 20012.5 Conclusion 201Acknowledgment 202References 20213 Climate Vulnerability and Adaption Assessment in Bundelkhand Region, India 205Prem Prakash and Prabuddh Kumar Mishra13.1 Introduction 20613.1.1 Climate Change and Vulnerability Assessment 20613.1.2 LVI for Bundelkhand Region 20813.2 Conclusion 213References 21314 Suitable Zone for Sustainable Ground Water Assessment in Dhanbad Block, Jharkhand, India 215Raghib Raza14.1 Introduction 21614.2 Study Area 21714.2.1 Slope 21714.2.2 Ground Water Label 21814.2.3 LU/LC Mapping 21914.2.4 Geology Features 22014.2.5 Soil 22114.3 Methodology 22214.3.1 Overlay Analysis to Find Groundwater Potential Zone 22314.4 Results 22314.5 Conclusions 226References 22715 Detecting Land Use/Land Cover Change of East and West Kamrup Division of Assam Using Geospatial Techniques 229Upasana Choudhury and Anand Kumar15.1 Introduction 22915.2 Study Area 23215.3 Materials and Methodology 23215.4 Results and Discussion 23215.4.1 Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and Change Analysis 23215.4.2 The Change Matrix Cross Tabulation 23515.4.3 Classification Accuracy Assessment 23615.5 Conclusion 236References 24116 Climate Resilient Housing—An Alternate Option to Cope with Natural Disasters: A Study in Fani Cyclonic Storm Affected Areas of Odisha 243Kiran Jalem and Subrat Kumar Mishra16.1 Introduction 24416.2 Study Area and Methodology 24516.3 Discussion 25016.3.1 Climate Resilient Housing in the Fani Affected Districts 25016.4 Policy Recommendation 251References 25217 Role of Geo-Informatics in Natural Resource Management During Disasters: A Case Study of Gujarat Floods, 2017 253Ritambhara K. Upadhyay, Sandeep Pandey and Gaurav Tripathi17.1 Background 25317.1.1 Understanding Disasters: Natural and Anthropogenic 25317.1.2 Disaster-Risk Reduction 25517.1.3 Disaster Preparedness 25617.1.4 Disaster Management 25717.1.5 Role of Geo-Informatics in Disaster Management 25817.1.6 Structural Measures of Flood Risk Management 25917.1.6.1 Dams 26017.1.6.2 Levee and Levee Overtopping 26017.1.6.3 Flood Diversion 26117.1.6.4 Transverse Dikes 26117.1.6.5 Water Traps 26117.1.6.6 Watershed and Afforestation 26117.1.7 Non-Structural Measures of Flood Risk Management 26217.1.7.1 Non-Structural Measures 26217.1.7.2 Flood Plain Zoning 26317.1.7.3 Flood Forecasting 26317.1.7.4 Flood Plain Development 26417.1.7.5 Flood Insurance 26417.1.7.6 Flood Proofing 26517.1.7.7 Catchment Management 26517.2 Flood Preparedness Measures 26617.3 Flood Response Measures 26817.3.1 Components of Flood Response 26817.3.1.1 Estimation of Severity of Flood 26917.3.1.2 Emergency Search and Rescue 26917.3.1.3 Emergency Relief 26917.3.1.4 Incident Response System 27017.3.1.5 Control Room Set-Up 27117.3.1.6 Model Action Plan 27117.3.1.7 Community-Based Disaster Preparedness and Response 27217.3.1.8 Emergency Logistics and Equipment 27217.3.1.9 Emergency Medical Response 27217.3.1.10 State Disaster Response Force 27317.4 Gujarat Flood Case Study 2017 27417.5 Preparedness Measures by State Government 27817.6 Media Handling 27817.7 Rescue Operation 27917.8 Relief Work 27917.9 Speedy Restoration of Essential Services 28017.10 Use of Drones—New Initiative Adopted 281References 28118 Environmental Impacts by the Clustering of Rice Mills, Ernakulam District, Kerala State 283L. Vineetha and T.S. Lancelet18.1 Introduction 28418.2 Environmental Pollution and Rice Processing Industries 28418.3 Study Area 28518.4 Methodology and Review of Literature 28618.5 Spatial Distribution of Rice Mill Clustering 28718.6 Parboiling Process and Characteristics of Rice Mill Effluents 29218.7 Description of Rice Mills Taken for Assessing the Impact on Environment 29218.8 First Model Cluster 29218.9 Overutilization of Groundwater Resources 29218.10 Physio-Chemical Analysis of Rice Mill Effluent From Second Model Cluster 29318.10.1 pH Value 29418.10.2 Color (Hazen) 29618.10.3 Total Dissolved Solids/TSSs 29618.10.4 Chloride and Sulphate 29718.10.5 Potassium 29718.10.6 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand 29718.10.7 Chemical Oxygen Demand 29718.11 Conclusion 298References 29819 GIS-Based Investigation of Topography, Watershed, and Hydrological Parameters of Wainganga River Basin, Central India 301Nanabhau Santujee Kudnar19.1 Introduction 30219.2 Study Area 30319.3 Methodology 30319.4 Results and Discussions 30519.4.1 Physiographical Regions Area 30519.4.2 Absolute Relief 30519.4.3 Digital Elevation Model 30619.4.4 The WRB Catchment Area 30819.4.5 Land Use Pattern 31019.4.6 Hydrology 31119.4.6.1 Inflows 31319.4.6.2 Rainfall-Runoff Modeling 31319.5 Conclusion 315Abbreviations 315References 316Index 319

Shruti Kanga, PhD, is an associate professor and coordinator at the Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. She has experience teaching at several universities and working in industry in the areas of land management and resource development. She has several articles in scientific journals and a few books to her credit as an author. She is presently on the reviewer panel for several research journals, and she is supervising several PhD students on their dissertations.Varun Narayan Mishra, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. He has published around 40 research papers in various reputed international peer-reviewed journals and is a reviewer of several reputed international journals.Suraj Kumar Singh, PhD, is an associate professor and coordinator at the Centre for Sustainable Development, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. He has published various research papers in national and international journals and participated and organized international conferences, workshops, symposiums, and webinars. He is presently on the reviewer panel for several research journals, and he is supervising several PhD students on their dissertations.

• Preface xvAcknowledgement xxi1 The Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Vegetation Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Barasat Municipal Area 1Aniruddha Debnath, Ritesh Kumar, Taniya Singh and Ravindra Prawasi1.1 Introduction 21.2 Study Area 41.3 Datasets and Methodology 41.3.1 Datasets 41.3.2 Methodology 41.4 Results and Discussion 71.4.1 Pattern of LULC in Barasat 81.4.2 Urban Sprawl 91.4.3 Impact of Urban Sprawl on Vegetation Cover 101.4.4 Impact of Urban Sprawl on LST 111.4.5 Relationship Between NDVI and LST 121.4.6 Urban Heat Island 121.5 Conclusion 16Acknowledgement 19References 192 Geo-Environmental Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Over South Karanpura Coalfield Region of India 23Akshay Kumar, Shashank Shekhar, Anamika Shalini Tirkey and Akhouri Pramod Krishna2.1 Introduction 242.2 Study Area 262.3 Methodology and Data Used 282.4 Result and Discussion 302.4.1 Thematic Layers of GHI 302.4.1.1 AOT, PWV, and Temperature 302.4.1.2 Land Use/Land Cover 322.4.2 Thematic Layers of SVI 332.4.2.1 Population Density 342.4.2.2 Total Worker 362.4.2.3 Children Age Group (0–6 years) (CAG) 362.4.2.4 Literacy Rate 362.4.3 Geo-Environmental Hazard and Socio-Economic Vulnerability Assessment 372.4.3.1 Geo-Environmental Hazard Index 372.4.3.2 Socio-Economic Vulnerability Index 392.4.4 CMRI Assessment 392.5 Conclusion 41References 42Appendix: List of Abbreviations 443 Bistatic Scatterometer Measurements for Soil Moisture Estimation Using Grid Partition–Based Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System at L-Band 47Ajeet Kumar Vishwakarma and Rajendra Prasad3.1 Introduction 483.2 Methods and Materials 493.2.1 Bistatic Scatterometer System 493.2.2 Measurement of Soil Moisture Content 493.2.3 Methods 513.2.3.1 G-ANFIS 513.3 Result and Discussions 513.4 Conclusions 53References 544 Morphometric Analysis of Tapi Drainage Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques 57Pavankumar Giri, Pranaya Diwate and Yadao Kumar Mawale4.1 Introduction 574.2 Study Area 584.3 Methodology 594.4 Results and Discussion 604.4.1 Morphometric Analysis of Basin 604.4.1.1 Linear Aspect 604.4.1.2 Relief Aspects 644.4.1.3 Aerial Aspects 654.5 Conclusion 69Acknowledgments 70References 705 Efficacy of GOSAT Data for Global Distribution of CO2 Emission 73Laxmi Kant Sharma and Rajani Kant Verma5.1 Introduction 735.2 Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases From Space 745.3 GOSAT Satellite 745.3.1 Sensors Description of GOSAT 755.4 Methodology 755.5 Results and Discussion 805.6 Conclusion 83References 836 Development of a Smart Village Through Micro-Level Planning Using Geospatial Techniques—A Case Study of Jangal Aurahi Village of Gorakhpur District 85Swati Pandey and Gaurav Tripathi6.1 Introduction 866.2 Study Area 876.3 Data Used and Methodology 876.3.1 Satellite Data 896.3.2 Cadastral Data 896.3.3 Ground Truth Data 896.3.4 Survey of India Toposheet 896.3.5 Methodology 896.4 Result and Discussion 986.4.1 Action Plan Map 986.4.1.1 Soil Resources Action Plan 996.4.1.2 Water Resources Action Plan 1006.4.1.3 Action Plan for Waste Water Management 1026.4.1.4 Action Plan Solid Waste Management 1026.4.1.5 Action Plan for Land Use Management 1036.5 Conclusion 105References 1077 Land Appraisal for the Growth of Potato Cultivation: A Study of Sagar Island, India 111Sabir Hossain Molla, Rukhsana and Asraful Alam7.1 Introduction 1127.2 Study Area 1137.3 Materials and Method 1157.3.1 Data Source 1157.3.2 Generation of Different Thematic Layers for Land Suitability Evaluation of Potato Cultivation 1167.3.3 Assigning Weight of Parameters and MCE 1177.3.4 Generation of Land Suitability Map (LSM) and Overlaid With LULC Map 1207.4 Results and Discussion 1217.4.1 Determination of Suitable Zones for Potato Cultivation at Different Land Suitability Parameters 1217.4.2 Suitability Map 1227.5 Conclusions 124References 1248 Landslide Vulnerability Mapping Using Geospatial Technology 127Saravanan Kothandaraman, Dinagarapandi Pandi and Mohan Kuppusamy8.1 Introduction 1288.2 Study Area 1308.3 Materials and Methods 1328.4 Summary 137References 1379 Assessment of Impacts of Coal Mining–Induced Subsidence on Native Flora and Native Forest Land: A Brief Review 141Ashish Kumar Vishwakarma, Rajesh Rai, Ashwani Kumar Sonkar, Tusarkanta Behera and Bal Krishna Shrivastva9.1 Introduction 1429.2 Material and Methods 1449.2.1 Impacts of Subsidence on Forest Lands 1449.2.2 Impacts on the Health of Native Floras 1459.2.3 Impacts on Soil Functions 1479.3 Conclusions 149References 14910 Application of GI Science in Morphometric Analysis: A Case Study of the Gomati River Watershed in District Bageshwar, Uttarakhand 153Anand Kumar and Upasana Choudhury10.1 Introduction 15310.2 Study Area 15510.3 Materials and Methodology 15610.3.1 Extraction of the Gomati River Basin 15610.4 Results and Discussion 16010.4.1 Aspect 16010.4.2 Slope 16110.4.3 Linear Aspect 16110.4.3.1 Stream Order (Sμ) 16210.4.3.2 Stream Number 16210.4.3.3 Stream Length 16310.4.3.4 Mean Stream Length 16310.4.3.5 Stream Length Ratio 16310.4.3.6 Bifurcation Ratio 16310.4.4 Aerial Aspect 16310.4.4.1 Basin Area 16410.4.4.2 Drainage Density 16410.4.4.3 Drainage Frequency 16410.4.4.4 Drainage Texture 16410.4.4.5 Form Factor Ratio 16510.4.4.6 Elongation Ratio 16510.4.4.7 Circulatory Ratio 16610.4.5 Relief Aspects 16610.4.5.1 Basin Relief 16610.4.5.2 Relief Ratio 16610.5 Conclusion 167References 16711 Water Audit: Sustainable Strategy for Water Resource Assessment and Gap Analysis 169Kirti Avishek, Mala Kumari, Pranav Dev Singh and Kanchan Lakra11.1 Introduction 16911.2 Material and Methodology 17211.2.1 Pre-Audit Phase 17211.2.2 Audit Phase 17211.2.2.1 Population Estimation of BIT Campus 17211.2.2.2 Water Source Identification 17211.2.2.3 Water Demand Assessment 17211.2.2.4 Gap assessment 17511.2.3 Post-Audit Phase 17511.3 Result 17511.3.1 Water Demand Assessment 17511.3.2 Water Audit Report and Analysis 17611.3.2.1 Water Audit of Hostel No. 9 17611.3.2.2 Water Audit for Hostel 8 18111.4 Conclusions 181References 18212 Multi-Temporal Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Change Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques of Durg Block, Durg District, Chhattisgarh, India 185Jai Prakash Koshale and Chanchal Singh12.1 Introduction 18612.2 Study Area 18712.3 Materials and Methods 18912.3.1 Data Acquisition 18912.3.2 Software Used 18912.3.3 Methodology 18912.4 Result and Discussion 19112.4.1 LULC Statistics of October 2005 (Post-Monsoon) 19112.4.2 LULC Statistics of October 2016 (Post-Monsoon) 19212.4.3 LULC Changes Between October 2005 and October 2016 (Post-Monsoon) 19512.4.4 LULC Statistics of February 2006 (Pre-Monsoon) 19912.4.5 LULC Statistics of February 2017 (Pre-Monsoon) 19912.4.6 LULC Changes Between February 2006 and February 2017 (Pre-Monsoon) 20012.5 Conclusion 201Acknowledgment 202References 20213 Climate Vulnerability and Adaption Assessment in Bundelkhand Region, India 205Prem Prakash and Prabuddh Kumar Mishra13.1 Introduction 20613.1.1 Climate Change and Vulnerability Assessment 20613.1.2 LVI for Bundelkhand Region 20813.2 Conclusion 213References 21314 Suitable Zone for Sustainable Ground Water Assessment in Dhanbad Block, Jharkhand, India 215Raghib Raza14.1 Introduction 21614.2 Study Area 21714.2.1 Slope 21714.2.2 Ground Water Label 21814.2.3 LU/LC Mapping 21914.2.4 Geology Features 22014.2.5 Soil 22114.3 Methodology 22214.3.1 Overlay Analysis to Find Groundwater Potential Zone 22314.4 Results 22314.5 Conclusions 226References 22715 Detecting Land Use/Land Cover Change of East and West Kamrup Division of Assam Using Geospatial Techniques 229Upasana Choudhury and Anand Kumar15.1 Introduction 22915.2 Study Area 23215.3 Materials and Methodology 23215.4 Results and Discussion 23215.4.1 Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and Change Analysis 23215.4.2 The Change Matrix Cross Tabulation 23515.4.3 Classification Accuracy Assessment 23615.5 Conclusion 236References 24116 Climate Resilient Housing—An Alternate Option to Cope with Natural Disasters: A Study in Fani Cyclonic Storm Affected Areas of Odisha 243Kiran Jalem and Subrat Kumar Mishra16.1 Introduction 24416.2 Study Area and Methodology 24516.3 Discussion 25016.3.1 Climate Resilient Housing in the Fani Affected Districts 25016.4 Policy Recommendation 251References 25217 Role of Geo-Informatics in Natural Resource Management During Disasters: A Case Study of Gujarat Floods, 2017 253Ritambhara K. Upadhyay, Sandeep Pandey and Gaurav Tripathi17.1 Background 25317.1.1 Understanding Disasters: Natural and Anthropogenic 25317.1.2 Disaster-Risk Reduction 25517.1.3 Disaster Preparedness 25617.1.4 Disaster Management 25717.1.5 Role of Geo-Informatics in Disaster Management 25817.1.6 Structural Measures of Flood Risk Management 25917.1.6.1 Dams 26017.1.6.2 Levee and Levee Overtopping 26017.1.6.3 Flood Diversion 26117.1.6.4 Transverse Dikes 26117.1.6.5 Water Traps 26117.1.6.6 Watershed and Afforestation 26117.1.7 Non-Structural Measures of Flood Risk Management 26217.1.7.1 Non-Structural Measures 26217.1.7.2 Flood Plain Zoning 26317.1.7.3 Flood Forecasting 26317.1.7.4 Flood Plain Development 26417.1.7.5 Flood Insurance 26417.1.7.6 Flood Proofing 26517.1.7.7 Catchment Management 26517.2 Flood Preparedness Measures 26617.3 Flood Response Measures 26817.3.1 Components of Flood Response 26817.3.1.1 Estimation of Severity of Flood 26917.3.1.2 Emergency Search and Rescue 26917.3.1.3 Emergency Relief 26917.3.1.4 Incident Response System 27017.3.1.5 Control Room Set-Up 27117.3.1.6 Model Action Plan 27117.3.1.7 Community-Based Disaster Preparedness and Response 27217.3.1.8 Emergency Logistics and Equipment 27217.3.1.9 Emergency Medical Response 27217.3.1.10 State Disaster Response Force 27317.4 Gujarat Flood Case Study 2017 27417.5 Preparedness Measures by State Government 27817.6 Media Handling 27817.7 Rescue Operation 27917.8 Relief Work 27917.9 Speedy Restoration of Essential Services 28017.10 Use of Drones—New Initiative Adopted 281References 28118 Environmental Impacts by the Clustering of Rice Mills, Ernakulam District, Kerala State 283L. Vineetha and T.S. Lancelet18.1 Introduction 28418.2 Environmental Pollution and Rice Processing Industries 28418.3 Study Area 28518.4 Methodology and Review of Literature 28618.5 Spatial Distribution of Rice Mill Clustering 28718.6 Parboiling Process and Characteristics of Rice Mill Effluents 29218.7 Description of Rice Mills Taken for Assessing the Impact on Environment 29218.8 First Model Cluster 29218.9 Overutilization of Groundwater Resources 29218.10 Physio-Chemical Analysis of Rice Mill Effluent From Second Model Cluster 29318.10.1 pH Value 29418.10.2 Color (Hazen) 29618.10.3 Total Dissolved Solids/TSSs 29618.10.4 Chloride and Sulphate 29718.10.5 Potassium 29718.10.6 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand 29718.10.7 Chemical Oxygen Demand 29718.11 Conclusion 298References 29819 GIS-Based Investigation of Topography, Watershed, and Hydrological Parameters of Wainganga River Basin, Central India 301Nanabhau Santujee Kudnar19.1 Introduction 30219.2 Study Area 30319.3 Methodology 30319.4 Results and Discussions 30519.4.1 Physiographical Regions Area 30519.4.2 Absolute Relief 30519.4.3 Digital Elevation Model 30619.4.4 The WRB Catchment Area 30819.4.5 Land Use Pattern 31019.4.6 Hydrology 31119.4.6.1 Inflows 31319.4.6.2 Rainfall-Runoff Modeling 31319.5 Conclusion 315Abbreviations 315References 316Index 319