Brent Yarnal is Professor of Geography at Pennsylvania State University. His research and teaching interests bridge the physical and social sciences, and integrate climate change, natural hazards, land-use change, water resources, and the use of environmental information in decision making. His research focuses on vulnerability to and adaptation planning for present and future climate change, local and regional greenhouse gas emissions inventories and mitigation planning, and the role of climate information in water resource decision making. He has authored and contributed to numerous books and journal articles, and was the editor of Climate Research - Interactions of Climate with Organisms, Ecosystems and Human Societies from 1996–2001. Colin Polsky is Assistant Professor in the Graduate School of Geography at Clark University, Massachusetts. He is a geographer specialising in the human dimensions of global environmental change. He has explored ways to blend quantitative and qualitative methods for the study of social and ecological vulnerability to environmental changes in the Arctic, the US Great Plains, and central and eastern Massachusetts. This research requires the blending of statistical techniques (such as empirical downscaling and spatial econometrics) with insight gained from qualitative methods (such as interviews and participant observation). Professor Polsky has an extensive range of publications on the subject. James O'Brien is Principal Lecturer in the School of Geography, Geology and the Environment at Kingston University, London. His research and teaching interests include Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enterprise and research, GIS software development, internet GIS, GIS and natural hazards, spatial databases, and geographic semantics. He has co-presented papers at international conferences on geographic semantics and the role of GIS in education.

• 1. Infrastructure for observing local human-environment interactions Brent Yarnal, John Harrington, Jr, Andrew C. Comrie, Colin Polsky and Ola Ahlqvist; 2. Theory: computing with knowledge to represent and share understanding Mark Gahegan, William A. Pike and Junyan Luo; 3. Infrastructure for collaboration Bill Pike, Alan MacEachren and Brent Yarnal; 4. Representing and reasoning with conceptual understanding Ola Ahlqvist and Chaoqing Yu; 5. Establishing vulnerability observatory networks to coordinate the collection and analysis of comparable data Colin Polsky, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 6. Comparative assessment of human-environment landscape change John Harrington, Jr, Brent Yarnal, Diana Liverman, Billie Lee Turner II and Brandi Nagle; 7. Landsat mapping of local landscape change: the satellite-era context Rachel M. Kurtz, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Jr, John Harrington, Jr and Cynthia L. Sorrensen; 8. Assessing local vulnerabilities: methodological approaches and regional contexts Colin Polsky, Cynthia Sorrensen, Jessica Whitehead and Rob Neff; 9. Rapid vulnerability assessments of exposures, sensitivities, and adaptive capacities of the HERO study sites Colin Polsky, Andrew Comrie, Jessica Whitehead, Cynthia Sorrensen, Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 10. Evaluating vulnerability assessments of the HERO study sites Colin Polsky, Cynthia Sorrensen, Jessica Whitehead, Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 11. The mounting risk of drought in a humid landscape: structure and agency in suburbanizing Massachusetts Colin Polsky, Sarah Assefa, Kate Del Vecchio, Troy Hill, Laura Merner, Isaac Tercero and Gil Pontius; 12. A diverse human-environment system: traditional agriculture, industrial agriculture, and service economy in central Pennsylvania Brent Yarnal; 13. Fossil water and agriculture in southwestern Kansas Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu and John A. Harrington, Jr; 14. Urbanization and hydroclimatic challenges in the Sonoran Desert border region Cynthia L. Sorrensen and Andrew C. Comrie; 15. Lessons learned from the HERO project Brent Yarnal, John Harrington, Jr, Andrew C. Comrie, Colin Polsky, Ola Ahlqvist and the HERO Team; References; Index.

Brent Yarnal is Professor of Geography at Pennsylvania State University. His research and teaching interests bridge the physical and social sciences, and integrate climate change, natural hazards, land-use change, water resources, and the use of environmental information in decision making. His research focuses on vulnerability to and adaptation planning for present and future climate change, local and regional greenhouse gas emissions inventories and mitigation planning, and the role of climate information in water resource decision making. He has authored and contributed to numerous books and journal articles, and was the editor of Climate Research - Interactions of Climate with Organisms, Ecosystems and Human Societies from 1996–2001. Colin Polsky is Assistant Professor in the Graduate School of Geography at Clark University, Massachusetts. He is a geographer specialising in the human dimensions of global environmental change. He has explored ways to blend quantitative and qualitative methods for the study of social and ecological vulnerability to environmental changes in the Arctic, the US Great Plains, and central and eastern Massachusetts. This research requires the blending of statistical techniques (such as empirical downscaling and spatial econometrics) with insight gained from qualitative methods (such as interviews and participant observation). Professor Polsky has an extensive range of publications on the subject. James O'Brien is Principal Lecturer in the School of Geography, Geology and the Environment at Kingston University, London. His research and teaching interests include Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enterprise and research, GIS software development, internet GIS, GIS and natural hazards, spatial databases, and geographic semantics. He has co-presented papers at international conferences on geographic semantics and the role of GIS in education.

• 1. Infrastructure for observing local human-environment interactions Brent Yarnal, John Harrington, Jr, Andrew C. Comrie, Colin Polsky and Ola Ahlqvist; 2. Theory: computing with knowledge to represent and share understanding Mark Gahegan, William A. Pike and Junyan Luo; 3. Infrastructure for collaboration Bill Pike, Alan MacEachren and Brent Yarnal; 4. Representing and reasoning with conceptual understanding Ola Ahlqvist and Chaoqing Yu; 5. Establishing vulnerability observatory networks to coordinate the collection and analysis of comparable data Colin Polsky, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 6. Comparative assessment of human-environment landscape change John Harrington, Jr, Brent Yarnal, Diana Liverman, Billie Lee Turner II and Brandi Nagle; 7. Landsat mapping of local landscape change: the satellite-era context Rachel M. Kurtz, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Jr, John Harrington, Jr and Cynthia L. Sorrensen; 8. Assessing local vulnerabilities: methodological approaches and regional contexts Colin Polsky, Cynthia Sorrensen, Jessica Whitehead and Rob Neff; 9. Rapid vulnerability assessments of exposures, sensitivities, and adaptive capacities of the HERO study sites Colin Polsky, Andrew Comrie, Jessica Whitehead, Cynthia Sorrensen, Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 10. Evaluating vulnerability assessments of the HERO study sites Colin Polsky, Cynthia Sorrensen, Jessica Whitehead, Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 11. The mounting risk of drought in a humid landscape: structure and agency in suburbanizing Massachusetts Colin Polsky, Sarah Assefa, Kate Del Vecchio, Troy Hill, Laura Merner, Isaac Tercero and Gil Pontius; 12. A diverse human-environment system: traditional agriculture, industrial agriculture, and service economy in central Pennsylvania Brent Yarnal; 13. Fossil water and agriculture in southwestern Kansas Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu and John A. Harrington, Jr; 14. Urbanization and hydroclimatic challenges in the Sonoran Desert border region Cynthia L. Sorrensen and Andrew C. Comrie; 15. Lessons learned from the HERO project Brent Yarnal, John Harrington, Jr, Andrew C. Comrie, Colin Polsky, Ola Ahlqvist and the HERO Team; References; Index.

Brent Yarnal is Professor of Geography at Pennsylvania State University. His research and teaching interests bridge the physical and social sciences, and integrate climate change, natural hazards, land-use change, water resources, and the use of environmental information in decision making. His research focuses on vulnerability to and adaptation planning for present and future climate change, local and regional greenhouse gas emissions inventories and mitigation planning, and the role of climate information in water resource decision making. He has authored and contributed to numerous books and journal articles, and was the editor of Climate Research - Interactions of Climate with Organisms, Ecosystems and Human Societies from 1996–2001. Colin Polsky is Assistant Professor in the Graduate School of Geography at Clark University, Massachusetts. He is a geographer specialising in the human dimensions of global environmental change. He has explored ways to blend quantitative and qualitative methods for the study of social and ecological vulnerability to environmental changes in the Arctic, the US Great Plains, and central and eastern Massachusetts. This research requires the blending of statistical techniques (such as empirical downscaling and spatial econometrics) with insight gained from qualitative methods (such as interviews and participant observation). Professor Polsky has an extensive range of publications on the subject. James O'Brien is Principal Lecturer in the School of Geography, Geology and the Environment at Kingston University, London. His research and teaching interests include Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enterprise and research, GIS software development, internet GIS, GIS and natural hazards, spatial databases, and geographic semantics. He has co-presented papers at international conferences on geographic semantics and the role of GIS in education.

• 1. Infrastructure for observing local human-environment interactions Brent Yarnal, John Harrington, Jr, Andrew C. Comrie, Colin Polsky and Ola Ahlqvist; 2. Theory: computing with knowledge to represent and share understanding Mark Gahegan, William A. Pike and Junyan Luo; 3. Infrastructure for collaboration Bill Pike, Alan MacEachren and Brent Yarnal; 4. Representing and reasoning with conceptual understanding Ola Ahlqvist and Chaoqing Yu; 5. Establishing vulnerability observatory networks to coordinate the collection and analysis of comparable data Colin Polsky, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 6. Comparative assessment of human-environment landscape change John Harrington, Jr, Brent Yarnal, Diana Liverman, Billie Lee Turner II and Brandi Nagle; 7. Landsat mapping of local landscape change: the satellite-era context Rachel M. Kurtz, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Jr, John Harrington, Jr and Cynthia L. Sorrensen; 8. Assessing local vulnerabilities: methodological approaches and regional contexts Colin Polsky, Cynthia Sorrensen, Jessica Whitehead and Rob Neff; 9. Rapid vulnerability assessments of exposures, sensitivities, and adaptive capacities of the HERO study sites Colin Polsky, Andrew Comrie, Jessica Whitehead, Cynthia Sorrensen, Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 10. Evaluating vulnerability assessments of the HERO study sites Colin Polsky, Cynthia Sorrensen, Jessica Whitehead, Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu, Rob Neff and Brent Yarnal; 11. The mounting risk of drought in a humid landscape: structure and agency in suburbanizing Massachusetts Colin Polsky, Sarah Assefa, Kate Del Vecchio, Troy Hill, Laura Merner, Isaac Tercero and Gil Pontius; 12. A diverse human-environment system: traditional agriculture, industrial agriculture, and service economy in central Pennsylvania Brent Yarnal; 13. Fossil water and agriculture in southwestern Kansas Lisa M. Butler Harrington, Max Lu and John A. Harrington, Jr; 14. Urbanization and hydroclimatic challenges in the Sonoran Desert border region Cynthia L. Sorrensen and Andrew C. Comrie; 15. Lessons learned from the HERO project Brent Yarnal, John Harrington, Jr, Andrew C. Comrie, Colin Polsky, Ola Ahlqvist and the HERO Team; References; Index.