R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD is a native of Birmingham, Alabama, USA and a is a clinical anatomist, author, editor, educator, and researcher. He is Professor of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Surgery, and Structural & Cellular Biology, Director of Surgical Anatomy at Tulane School of Medicine and Program Director of Anatomical Research in the Clinical Neuroscience Research Center at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana and Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA. He has multiple honorary professorships/faculty positions both in the US and abroad. Dr. Tubbs is President-elect of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists (AACA) and serves as its Journal's (Clinical Anatomy) Editor-in-Chief. Dr. Tubbs' research interests are centered around what has been termed "reverse translational anatomy research” where clinical/surgical problems are identified and solved/explained with anatomical studies. This investigative paradigm in anatomy has resulted in over 1,800 peer reviewed publications from his laboratory. Dr. Tubbs' laboratory has made novel discoveries in human anatomy and in 2018, he was listed as a "hyperprolific author” in the journal Nature. Dr. Tubbs sits on the editorial board of over 10 anatomical journals and over 30 clinical journals and has reviewed for over 150 various scientific journals. He has authored/edited over 50 books and over 80 book chapters primarily in anatomical and neurosurgical textbooks. Lastly, Dr. Tubbs is Chair of the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT) and oversees six working groups dedicated to this topic. Under his leadership, the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica was just published. neurosurgeon Chief of the Spine Program at the Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Sweden Joe Iwanaga, DDS, PhD, is a clinical anatomist and an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. He is the author of more than 400 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Iwanaga is a Councilor-at-Large of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists, and Coordinator of the FIPAT Oral Anatomy Working Group of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. He is a Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Section editor of the journal Clinical Anatomy. Marc Moisi is Chief of Neurosurgery, DMC Detroit Receiving Hospital.

• 1 Superficial Nerves of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall and the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine2 Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall3 The Posterior Abdominal Wall and Retroperitoneum4 Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles5 The Diaphragm6 Lumbar Plexus7 Lumbar Vertebrae8 Lumbar Intervertebral Discs9 The Ligaments of the Lumbar Spine10 The Lumbar Intervertebral Foramina11 Sectional Anatomy for the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine: A Pictorial Guide12 The Sympathetic Trunk in the Abdomen13 The Lumbosacral Trunk and Tunnel14 Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine and the Kidney, Ureter, and Colon15 Lymphatics of the Abdomen16 Anatomical Variations Relevant to the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine17 Technique: Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine18 Autonomics of the Abdomen19 The Abdominal Aorta20 The Inferior Vena Cava and Its Branches and Connections in the Abdomen21 Lateral Approaches to the Thoracolumbar JunctiondAnatomical Considerations22 Lateral Approaches to the Thoracic Spine23 Techniques for the Lateral Thoracolumbar Approach24 Complications From Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine25 Tips and Tricks of Lateral Approaches to the Thoracolumbar Spine

R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD is a native of Birmingham, Alabama, USA and a is a clinical anatomist, author, editor, educator, and researcher. He is Professor of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Surgery, and Structural & Cellular Biology, Director of Surgical Anatomy at Tulane School of Medicine and Program Director of Anatomical Research in the Clinical Neuroscience Research Center at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana and Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA. He has multiple honorary professorships/faculty positions both in the US and abroad. Dr. Tubbs is President-elect of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists (AACA) and serves as its Journal's (Clinical Anatomy) Editor-in-Chief. Dr. Tubbs' research interests are centered around what has been termed "reverse translational anatomy research” where clinical/surgical problems are identified and solved/explained with anatomical studies. This investigative paradigm in anatomy has resulted in over 1,800 peer reviewed publications from his laboratory. Dr. Tubbs' laboratory has made novel discoveries in human anatomy and in 2018, he was listed as a "hyperprolific author” in the journal Nature. Dr. Tubbs sits on the editorial board of over 10 anatomical journals and over 30 clinical journals and has reviewed for over 150 various scientific journals. He has authored/edited over 50 books and over 80 book chapters primarily in anatomical and neurosurgical textbooks. Lastly, Dr. Tubbs is Chair of the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT) and oversees six working groups dedicated to this topic. Under his leadership, the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica was just published. neurosurgeon Chief of the Spine Program at the Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Sweden Joe Iwanaga, DDS, PhD, is a clinical anatomist and an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. He is the author of more than 400 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Iwanaga is a Councilor-at-Large of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists, and Coordinator of the FIPAT Oral Anatomy Working Group of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. He is a Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Section editor of the journal Clinical Anatomy. Marc Moisi is Chief of Neurosurgery, DMC Detroit Receiving Hospital.

• 1 Superficial Nerves of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall and the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine2 Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall3 The Posterior Abdominal Wall and Retroperitoneum4 Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles5 The Diaphragm6 Lumbar Plexus7 Lumbar Vertebrae8 Lumbar Intervertebral Discs9 The Ligaments of the Lumbar Spine10 The Lumbar Intervertebral Foramina11 Sectional Anatomy for the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine: A Pictorial Guide12 The Sympathetic Trunk in the Abdomen13 The Lumbosacral Trunk and Tunnel14 Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine and the Kidney, Ureter, and Colon15 Lymphatics of the Abdomen16 Anatomical Variations Relevant to the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine17 Technique: Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine18 Autonomics of the Abdomen19 The Abdominal Aorta20 The Inferior Vena Cava and Its Branches and Connections in the Abdomen21 Lateral Approaches to the Thoracolumbar JunctiondAnatomical Considerations22 Lateral Approaches to the Thoracic Spine23 Techniques for the Lateral Thoracolumbar Approach24 Complications From Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine25 Tips and Tricks of Lateral Approaches to the Thoracolumbar Spine

R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD is a native of Birmingham, Alabama, USA and a is a clinical anatomist, author, editor, educator, and researcher. He is Professor of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Surgery, and Structural & Cellular Biology, Director of Surgical Anatomy at Tulane School of Medicine and Program Director of Anatomical Research in the Clinical Neuroscience Research Center at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana and Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA. He has multiple honorary professorships/faculty positions both in the US and abroad. Dr. Tubbs is President-elect of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists (AACA) and serves as its Journal's (Clinical Anatomy) Editor-in-Chief. Dr. Tubbs' research interests are centered around what has been termed "reverse translational anatomy research” where clinical/surgical problems are identified and solved/explained with anatomical studies. This investigative paradigm in anatomy has resulted in over 1,800 peer reviewed publications from his laboratory. Dr. Tubbs' laboratory has made novel discoveries in human anatomy and in 2018, he was listed as a "hyperprolific author” in the journal Nature. Dr. Tubbs sits on the editorial board of over 10 anatomical journals and over 30 clinical journals and has reviewed for over 150 various scientific journals. He has authored/edited over 50 books and over 80 book chapters primarily in anatomical and neurosurgical textbooks. Lastly, Dr. Tubbs is Chair of the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT) and oversees six working groups dedicated to this topic. Under his leadership, the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica was just published. neurosurgeon Chief of the Spine Program at the Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Sweden Joe Iwanaga, DDS, PhD, is a clinical anatomist and an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. He is the author of more than 400 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Iwanaga is a Councilor-at-Large of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists, and Coordinator of the FIPAT Oral Anatomy Working Group of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. He is a Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Section editor of the journal Clinical Anatomy. Marc Moisi is Chief of Neurosurgery, DMC Detroit Receiving Hospital.

• 1 Superficial Nerves of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall and the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine2 Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall3 The Posterior Abdominal Wall and Retroperitoneum4 Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles5 The Diaphragm6 Lumbar Plexus7 Lumbar Vertebrae8 Lumbar Intervertebral Discs9 The Ligaments of the Lumbar Spine10 The Lumbar Intervertebral Foramina11 Sectional Anatomy for the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine: A Pictorial Guide12 The Sympathetic Trunk in the Abdomen13 The Lumbosacral Trunk and Tunnel14 Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine and the Kidney, Ureter, and Colon15 Lymphatics of the Abdomen16 Anatomical Variations Relevant to the Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine17 Technique: Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine18 Autonomics of the Abdomen19 The Abdominal Aorta20 The Inferior Vena Cava and Its Branches and Connections in the Abdomen21 Lateral Approaches to the Thoracolumbar JunctiondAnatomical Considerations22 Lateral Approaches to the Thoracic Spine23 Techniques for the Lateral Thoracolumbar Approach24 Complications From Lateral Transpsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine25 Tips and Tricks of Lateral Approaches to the Thoracolumbar Spine