Student's Companion to the Theologians

IAN S. MARKHAM is the Dean and President of Virginia Theological Seminary. Awards include the Robertson Fellow 2006, Teape Lecturer in India 2004, Claggett Fellow attached to Washington National Cathedral in 2000, and Frank Woods Fellow at Trinity College, Melbourne in 1997. He is the author and editor of numerous books, including The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion (edited with J. Barney Hawkins IV, Justyn Terry and Leslie Nuñez Steffensen, 2013), Against Atheism: Why Dawkins, Hitchens, and Harris Are Fundamentally Wrong (2010), A World Religions Reader (3rd edition, 2009), Understanding Christian Doctrine (2007), and Do Morals Matter (2006), all published by Wiley-Blackwell.

• Notes on Contributors viii Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xvTimeline xviEarly Centuries 1The Apocalypse of John 3Arius (c.256–336) 6Athanasius (c.295–373) 16Augustine of Hippo (c.354–430) 26Boethius (c.475–c.524) 31The Cappadocians (c.329–c.524) 43Cyril of Alexandria (c.378–444) and Nestorius of Constantinople (c.381–c.451) 48Ephrem the Syrian (c.306–73) 60Ignatius of Antioch (c.35–c.110) 71Irenaeus of Lyons (2nd century) 74John the Evangelist 79Marcion (c.85–c.160) 89Maximos the Confessor (580–662) 93Origen (c.185–254) 103The Apostle Paul 113The Synoptic Evangelists: Mark, Matthew, and Luke 119Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus) (c.155–c.225) 128Middle Ages 137Peter Abelard (1079–1142) 139St Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109) 142Thomas Aquinas, OP (c.1224–74) 153Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) 159Bonaventure (c.1217–74) 162Duns Scotus (c.1266–1308) 171Julian of Norwich (1342–c.1416) 181William Ockham (c.1280–c.1349) 187Reformation Period 197John Calvin (1509–64) 199Richard Hooker (1554–1600) 204Martin Luther (1483–1546) 208Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560) 216The Reformation 219Teresa of Ávila (1515–82) 227Enlightenment and Modern Period 237Donald Baillie (1887–1954) 239John Baillie (1886–1960) 245Karl Barth (1886–1968) 250Emil Brunner (1889–1966) 256John Nelson Darby (1800–1882) 262Georges Vasilievich Florovsky (1893–1979) 265Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) 276Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) 287Søren Kierkegaard (1813–55) 290C. S. (Clive Staples) Lewis (1898–1963) 295John Henry Newman (1801–90) 299Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971) 310Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768–1834) 320Gottfried Thomasius (1802–75) 326Paul Tillich (1886–1965) 338B. B. Warfield (1851–1921) 350Twentieth Century to Present 353Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905–88) 355Serge Laugier de Beaurecueil (1917–2005) 367Black Theology 371Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–45) 378James Cone (1938– ) 390Austin Farrer (1904–68) 393Hans Frei (1922–88) 397Colin Gunton (1941–2003) 400Gustavo Gutiérrez (1928– ) 402Stanley Hauerwas (1940– ) 406John Hick (1922–2012) 416Elizabeth A. Johnson, CSJ (1941– ) 427Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–68) 431Liberal Theology 438George Lindbeck (1923– ) 451Donald MacKinnon (1913–94) 454John Milbank (1952– ) 458Jürgen Moltmann (1926– ) 461Richard John Neuhaus (1936–2009) 472James Packer (1926– ) 475Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928– ) 478Charles Philip Price (1920–99) 486Process Theology 491Karl Rahner (1904–84) 502Rosemary Radford Ruether (1936– ) 512Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (1938– ) 515Dorothee Sölle (1929–2003) 518Richard Swinburne (1934– ) 522Vatican II 527Keith Ward (1938– ) 541Glossary 546Index 550

“We are all grateful that Markham has given us such a fine work, particularly helpful on ancient and contemporary theologians.”  (Anglican & Episcopal History, 1 December 2015)“Notwithstanding these gaps and some odd choices, the fact that many of the entries were of an exceptionally high quality makes the Companion a reference work that is well worth the purchase price.”  (Reviews in Religion & Theology, 3 July 2013)