Statistics

Principles and Methods, EMEA Edition

Häftad, Engelska, 2019

AvRichard A. Johnson,Gouri K. Bhattacharyya,Madison) Johnson, Richard A. (University of Wisconsin,Madison) Bhattacharyya, Gouri K. (University of Wisconsin

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Statistics: Principles and Methods, 8th Edition provides students and business professionals with a comprehensive introduction to statistics concepts, terminology, and methods with a wide array of practical applications. Real-world data provides an easily relatable frame of reference, while numerous examples reinforce key ideas and demonstrate critical concepts to help ease student comprehension. Designed for those seeking a highly practical introduction to statistical measurement, reasoning, and analysis, this book requires no specific mathematical background and leaves derivations behind in favor of logic, reasoning, and modern statistics software.Concepts are introduced first in a real-life setting to illustrate immediate relevancy, and are subsequently expanded to relate underlying mechanisms, limitations, and further applications. An emphasis on the relationship between validity and assumptions underscores the importance of critical thinking and the use of appropriate models while instilling thoughtful habits that lead to accuracy in interpretation. Going beyond the typical introductory text to keep the focus on application, this book gives students a deeper understanding of statistics as it is used every day across disciplines and industries.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2019-05-14
Mått10 x 10 x 10 mm
Vikt454 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor576
Upplaga8
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119588948

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Matematik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

1 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS 11 The Subject and Scope of Statistics 22 Statistics in Aid of Scientific Inquiry 43 Two Basic Concepts—Population and Sample 64 The Purposeful Collection of Data 11Case Study: Statistics in Context 125 Objectives of Statistics 142 ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF DATA 171 Main Types of Data 182 Describing Data by Tables and Graphs 193 Measures of Center 314 Measures of Variation 375 Checking the Stability of the Observations over Time 476 More on Graphics 50Case Study: Statistics in Context 523 DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF BIVARIATE DATA 641 Summarization of Bivariate Categorical Data 652 A Designed Experiment for Making a Comparison 693 Scatter Diagram of Bivariate Measurement Data 704 The Correlation Coefficient—A Measure of Linear Relation 735 Prediction of One Variable from another (Linear Regression) 824 PROBABILITY 911 Probability of an Event 922 Methods of Assigning Probability 973 Event Operations and Two Laws of Probability 1024 Conditional Probability and Independence 1095 Bayes' Theorem 1176 Random Sampling from a Finite Population 121Case Study: Statistics in Context 1265 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 1341 Random Variables 1352 Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random Variable 1383 Mean (Expected Value) and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution 1444 Successes and Failures—Bernoulli Trials 1505 The Binomial Distribution 1546 The Poisson Distribution and Rare Events 1656 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 1781 Probability Model for a Continuous Random Variable 1792 The Normal Distribution—Its General Features 1843 The Standard Normal Distribution 1864 Probability Calculations with Normal Distributions 1915 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial 1946 Checking the Plausibility of a Normal Model 1997 Transforming Observations to Attain Near Normality 2027 VARIATION IN REPEATED SAMPLES—SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS 2101 The Sampling Distribution of a Statistic 2122 Distribution of the Sample Mean and the Central Limit Theorem 218Case Study: Statistics in Context 2288 DRAWING INFERENCES FROM LARGE SAMPLES 2351 Two Types of Statistical Inference: Estimation and Testing 2362 Point Estimation of a Population Mean 2383 Confidence Interval Estimation of a Population Mean 2424 Testing Hypotheses about a Population Mean 2505 Inferences about a Population Proportion 2619 SMALL SAMPLE INFERENCES FOR NORMAL POPULATIONS 2781 Student's t Distribution 2792 Inferences about ;;—Small Sample Size 2823 Relationship between Tests and Confidence Intervals 2894 Inferences about the Standard Deviation ;; (The Chi-Square Distribution) 2915 Robustness of Inference Procedures 29610 COMPARING TWO TREATMENTS 3031 Two Designs: Independent Samples and Matched Pairs Sample 3052 Inferences about the Difference of Means—Independent Large Samples 3073 Inferences about the Difference of Means—Independent Small Samples from Normal Populations 3144 Randomization and Its Role in Inference 3235 Matched Pairs Comparisons 3256 Choosing Between Independent Samples and a Matched Pairs Sample 3327 Comparing Two Population Proportions 33311 REGRESSION ANALYSIS ISimple Linear Regression 3491 Regression with a Single Predictor 3502 A Straight Line Regression Model 3533 The Method of Least Squares 3554 The Sampling Variability of the Least Squares Estimators—Tools for Inference 3625 Important Inference Problems 3636 The Strength of a Linear Relation 3737 Remarks about the Straight Line Model Assumptions 37712 REGRESSION ANALYSIS II Multiple Linear Regression and Other Topics 3841 Nonlinear Relations and Linearizing Transformations 3852 Multiple Linear Regression 3903 Residual Plots to Check the Adequacy of a Statistical Model 39813 ANALYSIS OF CATEGORICAL DATA 4081 Formulating Testing Problems Concerning Categorical Data 4092 Pearson's χ2 Test for Goodness of Fit 4113 Contingency Table with One Margin Fixed (Test of Homogeneity) 4154 Contingency Table with Neither Margin Fixed (Test of Independence) 42214 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) 4321 Comparison of Several Treatments—One-Way Analysis of Variance 4332 Population Model and Inferences for a One-Way Analysis of Variance 4393 Simultaneous Confidence Intervals 4434 Graphical Diagnostics and Displays to Supplement ANOVA 4465 Randomized Block Experiments for Comparing k Treatments 44815 NONPARAMETRIC INFERENCE 4601 The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Comparing Two Treatments 4612 Matched Pairs Comparisons 4693 Measure of Correlation Based on Ranks 4754 Concluding Remarks 478APPENDIX A1 SUMMATION NOTATION 483APPENDIX A2 RULES FOR COUNTING 488APPENDIX A3 EXPECTATION AND STANDARD DEVIATION—PROPERTIES 490APPENDIX A4 THE EXPECTED VALUE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF X 496APPENDIX B TABLES 498Table 1 Random Digits 498Table 2 Cumulative Binomial Probabilities 501Table 3 Cumulative Poisson Probabilities 507Table 4 Standard Normal Probabilities 509Table 5 Percentage Points t Distributions 511Table 6 Percentage Points χ2;; of χ2 Distributions 512Table 7 Percentage Points of F(v1, v2) Distributions 513Table 8 Selected Tail Probabilities for the Null Distribution of Wilcoxon's Rank-Sum Statistic 515Table 9 Selected Tail Probabilities for the Null Distribution of Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank Statistic 520Table F1 General Formulas for Inferences about a Mean (;;), Difference of Two Means ( ;;1 − ;;2 ) 522Table F2 Inference about Proportions 523Summary of Formulas Useful for Exams 524DATA BANK 530ANSWERS TO SELECTED ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES 544INDEX 557