These proceedings of the conference Advances in Statistical Mechanics, held in Marseille, France, August 2018, focus on fundamental issues of equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics for classical mechanical systems, as well as on open problems in statistical mechanics related to probability, mathematical physics, computer science, and biology. Statistical mechanics, as envisioned more than a century ago by Boltzmann, Maxwell and Gibbs, has recently undergone stunning twists and developments which have turned this old discipline into one of the most active areas of truly interdisciplinary and cutting-edge research. The contributions to this volume, with their rather unique blend of rigorous mathematics and applications, outline the state-of-the-art of this success story in key subject areas of equilibrium and non-equilibrium classical and quantum statistical mechanics of both disordered and non-disordered systems. Aimed at researchers in the broad field of applied modern probability theory, this book, and in particular the review articles, will also be of interest to graduate students looking for a gentle introduction to active topics of current research.