State and Revolution in Finland

Risto Alapuro, Ph.D. in Sociology, University of Helsinki (1973), is (retired) Professor of Sociology at the University of Helsinki. He co-edited recent publications Political Theory and Community-Building in Post-Soviet Russia (Routledge, 2011) and Nordic Associations in a European Perspective (Nomos, 2010).

• Table of Contents Acknowledgements Maps, Tables and Figures 1 The Formation of a Small Polity 1 The Problem 2 A Comparative Perspective 3 What Is to Be Explained 4 Plan of the Book Part 1 State-Making and the Class Structure2 Dominant Groups and State-Making 1 The Early Nineteenth Century 2 Economic Integration 3 The Late Nineteenth Century 3 The Agrarian Class Structure and Industrial Workers 1 The Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions in Finland 2 Freeholding Peasants and Agrarian Workers 3 The Link Between Industrial and Agrarian Workers 4 Crofters 4 Territorial Integration 1 Finnish Regions up to 1809 2 Reorientation from Stockholm to St. Petersburg 3 Territorial Integration in the Late Nineteenth Century 4 Core-Periphery Interaction - the County of Viipuri and Eastern Finland 5 South-Western Finland as a Core Region 6 Declining Ostrobothnia 7 Division of Labour and State Penetration in Northern Finland 8 Summary Part 2 National Integration and Class Integration5 Finnish Nationalism 1 The Dual Nature of Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Europe 2 Finland in a European Perspective 3 The Consolidation of a National Culture 4 Conclusion 6 Before the Revolution: Organisation, Mobilisation, and the Role of Russia 1 Early Mass Organisation 2 The Finno-Russian Conflict 3 The General Strike of 1905, Parliamentary Reform, and the Rise of Agrarian Socialism 7 Regional Consolidation of Party Support 1 Regions as Loci of Party Systems 2 The South-Western Core Region 3 The County of Viipuri 4 Ostrobothnia 5 Eastern Finland 6 Northern Finland 7 Conclusions Part 3 The Abortive Revolution8 On Preconditions for Revolutionary Situations 9 The Abortive Revolution of 1917-1918 1 Socialists within the Polity 2 The Rise of Multiple Sovereignty 3 The Revolutionary Situation 4 The Aftermath 5 The Social and Regional Basis for the Revolution 6 On the Character of the Finnish Revolution 7 Breakdown of Society or Contest for State Power? 10 State and Nation after the Failed Revolution 1 The Failed Revolution and the Nation 2 The Persistence of the Volcanic Model of the Finnish Revolution 3 On the State, the Nation, and Class Balance 4 The Lapua Movement, 1930-2 5 The Mass Movement and the Dominant Classes in Finnish Fascism Part 4 The Finnish State and Revolution in a European Perspective11 Eastern European Revolutionary Movements 1 National Movements in the Baltic Provinces 2 Revolution in the Baltic Provinces, 1905 and 1917-18 3 Challenges in East-Central Europe 4 Fascism in Eastern Europe 12 The Formation of Finland in Europe 1 Economic Consolidation 2 The Formation of State and Nation 3 Political Organisation and Mobilisation before 1917 4 Revolutionary Situations in Small European Polities 5 State and Revolution in Finland Postscript to the Second Edition 1 A Personal Note 2 A Recapitulation 3 The Reception of the Comparative Perspective 4 Structures and Actors 5 The Associational Tradition in the Political Process 6 Causes and Scripts References Index