Spirituality in Counseling and Psychotherapy

PATRICK “RICK” JOHNSON, PHD, is Department Chair of the Counselor Education Department at Portland State University. Previously, he was an assistant and associate professor at Montana State University. Dr. Johnson is also a licensed psychologist and maintains an active private practice. His research and scholarly agendas focus on the effects of family experiences on psychosocial development in adolescence and adulthood, as well as the integration of psychological and spiritual health.

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xxiAbout the Author xxiii1 Spiritual Competencies and Premises 1Central Premises 5Spirituality and Religion 202 Client-Defined Spirituality 23Remembering 28External Presence and Inner Knowing 29Transcendent and Ordinary Experiences 31Present Moment Awareness 32Interconnectedness 33Love and Fear 35Free Will 36Creativity and Artistic Expression 38Nature and Natural Beauty 39Openheartedness 40Personal Relationship 41Thematic Integration 423 Integrating Spirituality With Psychological Theories 45Freud 45Jung 46Object Relations and Attachment Theories 48Interpersonal Theory: Horney 51Humanism: Rogers 52Control-Mastery Theory: Weiss 54Internal Family Systems Theory: Schwartz 57Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Linehan 59Transpersonal and Integral Theories 60Life Span Development Theories 62Thematic Integration 654 Getting Lost: Psychological and Spiritual Perspectives 69Why Clients Get Lost 71A Spiritual Perspective 875 Spiritual Health and Abundance: Practical Steps 101Being Open to Client-Defined Spirituality 101Utilizing Spirituality for Resourcing 109Inviting Spirituality to Inform Personal Integrity 111Evaluating Life Structures 113Remembering and Committing to Spiritual Practice 1236 Integrating the Shadow 125The Shadow 126How Shadows Form 129When Clients Marry Their Shadow 134Integration 1417 Self and No-Self 149No-Self 150An Integration of Self and No-Self 157Helping Clients Reclaim Their Real Self 1608 How Spiritually Oriented Therapy Helps 169A Collaborative Team 172Self-Awareness 174Insight 179Reexperiencing Relational Dynamics 181New Relationship With the Real Self 184Embracing Inner Health 187Embracing Relationship Health 189Utilizing Spiritually Oriented Therapy 190Final Thoughts 1939 Spiritual-Differentiation 195The Identity and Differentiation Process 196Characteristics of Well-Differentiated Individuals 201Increasing Differentiation 213Increasing Therapist Spiritual-Differentiation 217References 223Author Index 245Subject Index 249

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