Editors:Masaharu MotokawaThe Kyoto University MuseumKyoto UniversityKyotoJapanHiroshi KajiharaFaculty of ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

• Preface.- Part 1 Introduction.- 1 “Land Emergence” and “Elevation Shift” Affect Diversification: A New Perspective Towards Understanding the High Species Diversity of Terrestrial Animals in Japan.- 2 An Overview of Recent Marine Biodiversity Research in Japan.- Part 2 Terrestrial Animals.- 3 A Review of the Processes of Mammalian Faunal Assembly in Japan: Insights from Molecular Phylogenetics.- 4 Biogeographic Pattern of Japanese Birds: A Cluster Analysis of Faunal Similarity and a Review of Phylogenetic Evidence.- 5 Historical Biogeography of the Terrestrial Reptiles of Japan: A Comparative Analysis of Geographic Ranges and Molecular Phylogenies.- 6 Species Diversity of Japanese Amphibians: Recent Progress and Future Prospects of Systematic Studies.- 7 Japanese Freshwater Fishes: Biogeography and Cryptic Diversity.- 8 The Species and Genetic Diversities of Insects in Japan, with Special Reference to the Aquatic Insects.- 9 Species Diversity and Phylogeny of Freshwater and TerrestrialGammaridean Amphipods (Crustacea) in Japan.- 10 Tardigrade Research in Japan.- 11 Current Status of Entomophilic Nematode Survey in Japan.- 12 Diversity of Leeches from Japan: Recent Progress in Macrophagous and Blood-Feeding Taxa.- Part 3 Marine Invertebrates.- 13 Taxonomic Review of Japanese Sponges (Porifera).- 14 Zoantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) Diversity Research in Japan: Current State and Future Trends.- 15 Diversity and Morphological Adaptation of Dicyemids in Japan.- 16 Species Diversity of Japanese Ribbon Worms (Nemertea).- 17 Review of the Studies of Japanese Entoprocts (Entoprocta).- 18 Some Comments on the Taxonomy of the Peanut Worms (Annelida: Sipuncula) in Japanese Waters Towards a Future Revision.- 19 Nereididae (Annelida) in Japan, with Special Reference to Life-History Differentiation Among  Estuarine Species.- 20 The Echiura of Japan: Diversity, Classification, Phylogeny, and Their Associated Fauna.- 21 Diversity of Kinorhyncha in Japan and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Phylum.- 22 Copepod Biodiversity in Japan: Recent Advances in Japanese Copepodology.- 23 Review of the Taxonomy, Diversity, Ecology, and Other Biological Aspects of Order Tanaidacea from Japan and Surrounding Waters.- 24 Diversity of Freshwater and Marine Bryozoans in Japan.- 25 Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata): Systematics and Japanese Fauna.- 26 Taxonomy of Ascidians (Urochordata: Ascidiacea) in Japan: Past, Present, and Future.- 27 A Taxonomic Review of Lancelets (Cephalochordata) in Japanese Waters.- BM Index.