Teofilo F. Ruiz is Professor of History at the University of California, Los Angeles. His previous publications include A King Travels: Festive Traditions in Late Medieval and Early Modern Spain (2012), Spain, 1300-1469: Centuries of Crises (2007), Medieval Europe and the World (2005) and From Heaven to Earth: The Reordering of Castilian Society, 1150–1350 (2004).