Space Physics and Aeronomy, Set

Yongliang Zhang, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, USA.Larry J. Paxton, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, USA.

• Space Physics and Aeronomy, Volume 1, Solar Physics and Solar WindList of Contributors viiPreface ix1. The Solar WindAlexis P. Rouillard, Nicholeen Viall, Viviane Pierrard, Christian Vocks, Lorenzo Matteini, Olga Alexandrova, Aleida K. Higginson, Benoit Lavraud, Michael Lavarra, Yihong Wu, Rui Pinto, Alessandro Bemporad, and Eduardo Sanchez-Diaz 12. The Heating of the Solar CoronaNicholeen M. Viall, Ineke De Moortel, Cooper Downs, James A. Klimchuk, Susanna Parenti, and Fabio Reale 353. Solar Magnetism and RadiationGordon Petrie, Serena Criscuoli, and Luca Bertello 834. Solar Energetic ParticlesChristina M.S. Cohen, Gang Li, Glenn M. Mason, Albert Y. Shih, and Linghua Wang 1335. Solar Flares and Coronal Mass EjectionsBarbara J. Thompson, Jiong Qiu, Noe Lugaz, and David F. Webb 1796. Fine-Scale Features of the Sun’s Atmosphere: Spicules and JetsAlphonse C. Sterling 2217. Solar InteriorMark Linton, Mausumi Dikpati, and Rachel Howe 251Index 301Space Physics and Aeronomy, Volume 2, Magnetospheres in the Solar SystemList of Contributors ixPreface xviPart I: The Earth Magnetosphere 11 A Brief History of the Magnetosphere 3David J. Southwood2 Large-Scale Structure and Dynamics of the Magnetosphere 15David G. Sibeck and Kyle R. Murphy3 The Equations of the Magnetosphere 37Herbert GunellPart II: Fundamental Processes 474 Magnetic Reconnection in the Near-Earth Magnetotail 49Tsugunobu Nagai5 Turbulence and Complexity of Magnetospheric Plasmas 67Marius Echim, Tom Chang, Peter Kovacs, Anna Wawrzaszek, Emiliya Yordanova, Yasuhito Narita, Zoltan Vörös, Roberto Bruno, Wieslaw Macek, Kalevi Mursula, and Giuseppe Consolini6 Wave--Particle Interactions in the Earths Magnetosphere 93Richard M. Thorne, Jacob Bortnik, Wen Li, and Qianli Ma7 Cross-Scale Energy Transport in Space Plasmas: Applications to the Magnetopause Boundary 109Katariina Nykyri, Xuanye Ma, and Jay JohnsonPart III: Solar Wind--Magnetosphere Coupling 1238 Solar Wind Interaction with Earths Bow Shock 125Georges. K. Parks, Ensang Lee, Zhongwei W. Yang, Naiguo Lin, Suiyan Y. Fu, and Ying Liu9 The Magnetosheath 137Yasuhito Narita, Ferdinand Plaschke, and Zoltán Vörös10 Dayside Magnetopause Processes 153Stephen A. Fuselier11 The Polar Cusps of the Earths Magnetosphere 163Benoit Lavraud and Karlheinz J. Trattner12 The Earths Low-Latitude Boundary Layer 177Takuma K. M. NakamuraPart IV: Magnetosphere--Ionosphere Coupling 19313 Field-Aligned Currents in the Magnetosphere--Ionosphere 195Hermann Lühr and Guram Kervalishvili14 Ionospheric Ion Acceleration and Transport 207Andrew W. Yau, Takumi Abe, Mats André, Andrew D. Howarth, and William K. Peterson15 Cold Ionospheric Ions in the Magnetosphere 219Mats André, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, and Andrew W. Yau16 Magnetosphere--Ionosphere Coupling of Precipitating Electrons and Ionospheric Conductance 229George V. Khazanov, David G. Sibeck, and Mike ChuPart V: The Dynamic Magnetosphere 24317 Magnetotail Processes 245Joachim Birn, Andrei Runov, and Yuri Khotyaintsev18 The Active Magnetosphere: Substorms and Storms 277Yukitoshi Nishimura and Larry R. Lyons19 The Northward IMF Magnetosphere 293Robert C. Fear20 A Brief Review of the Ring Current and Outstanding Problems 311Raluca Ilie, Muhammad Fraz Bashir, and Elena A. Kronberg21 Source, Loss, and Transport of Energetic Particles Deep Inside Earths Magnetosphere (L <4) 323Xinlin Li, Richard S. Selesnick, Hong Zhao, Daniel N. Baker, J. Bernard Blake, and Michael A. Temerin22 The Plasmasphere: Its Interactions and Dynamics 335Fabien Darrouzet, Dennis L. Gallagher, and Johan De Keyser23 Impact of Ionospheric Ions on Magnetospheric Dynamics 353Elina A. Kronberg, Elena E. Grigorenko, Raluca Ilie, Lynn Kistler, and Dan WellingPart VI: Planetary Magnetic Fields 36524 Planetary Magnetic Fields 367Karl-Heinz Glassmeier and Daniel HeynerPart VII: Induced Magnetospheres 39125 Induced Magnetospheres: Mars 393Jasper S. Halekas, Janet G. Luhmann, Eduard Dubinin, and Yingjuan Ma26 Induced Magnetospheres: Titan 407César Bertucci27 Birth of a Magnetosphere 427Hans Nilsson, Etienne Behar, James L. Burch, Christopher M. Carr, Anders I. Eriksson, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Pierre Henri, Marina Galand, Charlotte Goetz, Herbert Gunell, and Tomas Karlsson28 Induced Magnetospheres: Atmospheric Escape 441David A. BrainPart VIII: Giant Planet Magnetospheres 45329 The Magnetodisk Regions of Jupiter and Saturn 455Nicholas Achilleos, Patick Guio, Flavien Hardy, Chris Paranicas, and Arianna M. Sorba30 Fast Rotating Magnetospheres: Jupiter and Saturn Plasma Sources, Loss and Transport 471Abigail M. Rymer31 Gas Giant Magnetosphere--Ionosphere--Thermosphere Coupling 485Licia C. Ray and Japheth N. Yates32 The Radiation Belts of Jupiter and Saturn 499Elias Roussos and Peter Kollmann33 Asymmetrical Magnetospheres: Uranus and Neptune 515Christopher S. Arridge and Carol PatyPart IX: Mini-magnetospheres and Moon--Magnetosphere Interactions 53534 A Dungey Cycle in the Life of Mercurys Magnetosphere 537James A. Slavin, Suzanne M. Imber, and Jim M. Raines35 The Magnetosphere of Ganymede 557Xianzhe Jia and Margaret G. Kivelson36 Overview of Moon--Magnetosphere Interactions 575Joachim SaurPart X: Investigating Magnetospheric Processes 59537 Global Simulations 597Joachim Raeder, Kai Germaschewski, William D. Cramer, and John Lyon38 Kinetic Modeling in the Magnetosphere 607Stefano Markidis, Vyacheslav Olshevsky, Gábor Tóth, Yuxi Chen, Ivy Bo Peng, Giovanni Lapenta, and Tamas Gombosi39 Data-Based Modeling of the Earth's Magnetic Field 617Nikolai Tsyganenko, Varvara Andreeva, Marina Kubyshkina, Mikhail Sitnov, and Grant Stephens40 Multispacecraft Measurements In The Magnetosphere 637Malcolm W. Dunlop, TieYan Wang, XiangCheng Dong, Stein Haarland, QuanQi Shi, HuiShan Fu, Johan De Keyser, Chao Shen, ZhaoJin Rong, Christophe Phillippe Escoubet, ZuYin Pu, and Jonathan Eastwood41 Exploring Small Scales with MMS 657James L. Burch and Kyoung-Joo Hwang42 Global Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imaging of Magnetospheres 673Pontus C. Brandt43 Laboratory Experiments: Putting Space into the Lab 699Mark KoepkePart XI: Future Directions 71544 Challenges in Modeling the Outer Magnetosphere 717Gábor Tóth, Yuxi Chen, Zhenguang Huang, and Bart van der Holst45 Does a Magnetosphere Protect the Ionosphere? 729Romain Maggiolo and Herbert Gunell46 Some Unsolved Problems of Magnetospheric Physics 743Michael H. Denton47 Instigators of Future Change in Magnetospheric Research 753Michael W. Liemohn, Amy M. Keesee, L. Kepko, and Mark B. MoldwinIndex 765Space Physics and Aeronomy, Volume 3, Ionosphere Dynamics and ApplicationsList of Contributors viiPreface xiPart I: The Polar Cap and Auroral Ionosphere 11 Magnetospheric Energy Input to the Ionosphere 3Cheryl Huang2 High Latitude Ionospheric Convection 21Stephen E. Milan and Adrian Grocott3 Multiscale Dynamics in the High-Latitude Ionosphere 49Yukitoshi Nishimura, Yue Deng, Larry R. Lyons, Ryan M. McGranaghan, and Matthew D. Zettergren4 Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research 67Shasha Zou, Gareth W. Perry, and John C. Foster5 Polar Cap O+ Ion Outflow and Its Impact on Magnetospheric Dynamics 83Binzheng Zhang and Oliver J. BramblesPart II: The Subauroral and Midlatitude Ionosphere 1156 Ionospheric Storm-Enhanced Density Plumes 117John C. Foster, Shasha Zou, Roderick A. Heelis, and Philip J. Erickson7 Ion Outflow and Lobe Density: Interhemispheric Asymmetries 127Stein Haaland, Bjørn Lybekk, Lukas Maes, Karl Magnus Laundal, Arne Pedersen, Paul Tenfjord, Anders Ohma, Nikolai Østgaard, Jone Reistad, and Kristian Snekvik8 Mesoscale and Small-Scale Structure of the Subauroral Geospace 139Evgeny Mishin and Anatoly StreltsovPart III: The Low-Latitude Ionosphere 1599 Equatorial Ionospheric Electrodynamics 161Bela G. Fejer and Astrid Maute10 Theory and Modeling of Equatorial Spread F 185Joe D. Huba11 Observations of Equatorial Spread F: A Working Hypothesis 201Roland T. Tsunoda12 The Equatorial Electrojet 281Hermann Lühr, Patrick Alken, and Yun-Liang Zhou13 Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Variations During Geomagnetic Storms 301Xiaoli LuanPart IV: Global Ionospheric Processes 31314 Penetration of the Magnetospheric Electric Fields to the Low Latitude Ionosphere 315Takashi Kikuchi15 Ionosphere and Thermosphere Coupling at Mid- and Subauroral Latitudes 339Shun-Rong Zhang16 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Impacts on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System: A Review of Recent Progress 369Larisa P. Goncharenko, V. Lynn Harvey, Huixin Liu, and Nicholas M. Pedatella17 Ionospheric Dynamics and Their Strong Longitudinal Dependences 401Endawoke Yizengaw18 Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances 421Yuichi OtsukaPart V: Ionospheric Impacts on Applications 43919 Ionospheric Effects on HF Radio Wave Propagation 441Manuel A. Cervera, Trevor J. Harris, David A. Holdsworth, and David J. Netherway20 Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on Satellite Navigation 493Seebany Datta-Barua, Eric Altshuler, Todd Walter, and Sam Pullen21 Ionospheric Disturbances Related to Earthquakes 511Kosuke Heki22 Atmospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by Tsunamis 527Michael P. HickeyIndex 543Space Physics and Aeronomy, Volume 4, Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and EnergeticsList of Contributors viiPreface xiPart I Energetics and Dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere1 Joule Heating in the ThermosphereArthur D. Richmond 32 Momentum and Energy Budgets in the High-Latitude Lower Thermospheric Wind SystemYoung-Sil Kwak and Arthur D. Richmond 193 Upper Thermospheric Winds: Forcing, Variability, and EffectsWenbin Wang, Alan G. Burns, and Jing Liu 414 Influence of Nonhydrostatic Processes on the Ionosphere-ThermosphereYue Deng, Cissi Y. Lin, Qingyu Zhu, and Cheng Sheng 655 The Middle- and Low-Latitude Neutral Wind DynamoAstrid Maute 79Part II Upper Atmospheric Composition6 Neutral Composition in the Upper AtmosphereAlan G. Burns, Wenbin Wang, and Liying Qian 1077 Storm-Time Neutral Composition Changes in the Upper AtmosphereYongliang Zhang and Larry J. Paxton 1158 Neutral Hydrogen in the Terrestrial Thermosphere and Exosphere: A Ground-Based PerspectiveEdwin Mierkiewicz 135Part III Low and Upper Atmosphere Coupling Through Waves9 Atmosphere-Ionosphere (A-I) Coupling by Solar and Lunar TidesJeffrey M. Forbes 15910 Planetary Waves and Their Impact on the Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and IonosphereJia Yue, Ruth Lieberman, and Loren C. Chang 18311 Longitudinal Variation in the Mass Density of the Thermosphere: A GAIA SimulationYasunobu Miyoshi 217Part IV Upper Atmosphere Structure and Variability12 Equatorial Thermosphere AnomalyJiuhou Lei 22913 Structured Storm-Time Polar Ionosphere and Its Drivers: A ReviewJing Liu, Wenbin Wang, Alan G. Burns, and Qinghe Zhang 23914 Solar Flare Effects on the Thermosphere and IonosphereLiying Qian and Thomas N. Woods 25315 Day-to-Day Variability of the Thermosphere and IonosphereHuixin Liu, Yosuke Yamazaki, and Jiuhou Lei 27516 Response of the Ionosphere to Varying Solar FluxesLibo Liu, Yiding Chen, and Huijun Le 30117 Long-Term Trends in the Upper AtmosphereJan Lastovicka 325Part V Upper Atmosphere Data Assimilation18 Inference of Hidden States by Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere Data Assimilation: Applications to Observability and Predictability of Neutral Mass DensityTomoko Matsuo and Chih-Ting Hsu 345Part VI Upper Atmosphere Observations19 The Ground-Based Airglow Imager Network in China: Recent Observational ResultsJiyao Xu, Qinzeng Li, Longchang Sun, Xiao Liu, Wei Yuan, Wenbin Wang, Jia Yue, Shunrong Zhang, Weijun Liu, Guoying Jiang, Kun Wu, Hong Gao, and Chang Lai 36720 MLT Science Enabled by Atmospheric LidarsChiao-Yao She, Alan Z. Liu, Tao Yuan, Jia Yue, Tao Li, Chao Ban, and Jonathan S. Friedman 39521 Remote Sensing of Magnetic Fields Induced by Electrojets From Space: Measurement Techniques and Sensor DesignJeng-Hwa Yee, Jesper Gjerloev, and Dong Wu 45122 Remote Sensing of Global Lower Thermospheric Winds: Sensing Techniques and Sensor DesignJeng-Hwa Yee, Imran Mehdi, Darren Hayton, Jose Siles, and Dong Wu 46923 Exploring the Upper Atmosphere: Using Optical Remote SensingLarry J. Paxton, Yongliang Zhang, Hyosub Kil, and Robert K. Schaefer 487Index 523Space Physics and Aeronomy, Volume 5, Space Weather Effects and ApplicationsList of Contributors viiPreface ixIntroduction: Space Weather Underlies Reliable Technologies 1Louis J. Lanzerotti, Philip J. Erickson, and Anthea J. Coster1. Effects of Space Radiation on Contemporary Space]Based Systems I: Single Event Upsets, Spacecraft Charging, Degradation of Electronics, and Attenuation on Fiber Cabling 3Daniel N. Baker and Michael Bodeau2. Effects of Space Radiation on Contemporary Space]Based Systems II: Spacecraft Internal and External Charging and Discharging Effects 13Michael Bodeau and Daniel N. Baker3. Effects of Space Radiation on Humans in Space Flight 63Lawrence W. Townsend4. Space Weather Radiation Effects on High]Altitude/]Latitude Aircraft 79Christopher J. Mertens and W. Kent Tobiska5. Remaining Issues in Upper Atmosphere Satellite Drag 111Jeffrey P. Thayer, W. Kent Tobiska, Marcin D. Pilinski, and Eric K. Sutton6. Solar Radio Burst Effects on Radio] and Radar]Based Systems 141Dale E. Gary and Timothy S. Bastian7. Space Weather Influences on HF, UHF, and VHF Radio Propagation 153Gary S. Bust, William Liles, and Cathryn Mitchell8. GNSS/GPS Degradation from Space Weather 165Anthea J. Coster and Endawoke Yizengaw9. Geomagnetic Field Impacts on Ground Systems 183John Kappenman and William RadaskyEpilogue: The Road to Future Progress in Space Weather Understanding 215Philip J. Erickson, Louis J. Lanzerotti, and Anthea J. CosterIndex 217