Del 141 i serien Geophysical Monograph Series

Solar Variability and Its Effects on Climate

Inbunden, Engelska, 2004

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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 141. This monograph presents a state-of-the-art description of the most recent results on solar variability and its possible influence on the Earth's climate and atmosphere. Our primary goal in doing so is to review solar energy flux variations (both electromagnetic and particle) and understand their relations to solar magnetic field changes and global effects, their impact on different atmospheric layers, and—as a collaboration of scientists working on solar-terrestrial physics—to note unresolved questions on an important interdisciplinary area.One of the highest-level questions facing science today is whether the Earth's atmosphere and climate system changes in a way that we can understand and predict. The Earth's climate is the result of a complex and incompletely understood system of external inputs and interacting parts. Climate change can occur on various time scales as a consequence of natural variability—including solar variability—or anthropogenic causes, or both. The Sun's variability in the form of sunspots and related magnetic activity has been the subject of careful study ever since the earliest telescopic observations. High precision photometric observations of solar-type stars clearly show that year-to-year brightness variations connected with magnetic activity are a widespread phenomenon among such stars. As our nearest star, the Sun is the only star where we can observe and identify a variety of structures and processes which lead to variations in the solar energy output, in both radiative and particle fluxes. Studying event tiny changes in solar energy flux variations may teach us about internal processes taking place in the Sun's convective zone and below.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2004-01-01
Mått224 x 274 x 25 mm
Vikt1 179 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
SerieGeophysical Monograph Series
Antal sidor378
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9780875904061

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PrefaceJudit M. Pap, Peter Fox! Claus Frohlich, Hugh S. Hudson, Jeffrey Kuhn, John McCormack, Gerald North, William Sprigg, and S. I Wu viiSection 1. Fundamentals 1Section 1. Fundamentals of the Solar Interior and AtmosphereJeffrey R. Kuhn and John McCormack 3Long-Term Solar Variability: Evolutionary Time ScalesRichard R. Radick 5Solar Variability Caused by Structural Changes of the Convection ZoneS. Sofia and L. H. Li 15Theoretical Models of Solar Magnetic VariabilityManfred Schussler and Dieter Schmitt 33Global Magnetic-Field Reversal in the CoronaBoon Chye Low and Mei Zhang 51Fundamentals of the Earth1s Atmosphere and ClimateJoanna D. Haigh 65Section 2. Solar Energy Flux Variations 83Section 2. Solar Energy Flux VariationsHugh S. Hudson 85Mechanisms of Solar Irradiance VariationsJ. R. Kuhn and J. D. Armstrong 87Solar Irradiance VariabilityClaus Frohlich 97Measurement of the Solar Ultraviolet IrradianceGary Rottman, Linton Floyd, and Rodney Viereck 111Solar Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance VariationsTom Woods, Loren W Acton, Scott Bailey, Frank Eparvier, Howard Garcia, Darrell judge, judith Lean, John I Mariska, Don McMullin, Gerhard Schmidtke, Stanley C. Solomon, W Kent Tobiska, Harry R. Warren, and Rodney Viereck 127Solar Activity and Irradiance VariationsPeter Fox 141Solar Irradiance Reference SpectraGerard Thuillier, Linton Floyd, Thomas N. Woods, Richard Cebula, Ernest Hilsenrath, Michel Herse, and Dietrich Labs 171Solar Energetic Particle VariationsDavid Lario and George M. Simnett 195Section 3. Solar Variability and Climate 217Section 3. Solar Variability and ClimateJohn P. McCormack and Gerald R. North 21 9Long-Term Solar Variability and Climate Change Based on Radionuclide Data From Ice CoresRaiumund Muscheler, jiirg Beer, and Peter W Kubik 221Solar and Climatic Implications of the Centennial and Millennial Periodicitiesin Atmospheric L114C VariationsPaul E. Damon and Alexei N. Peristykh 237Detecting the ll-year Solar Cycle in the Surface Temperature FieldG. R. North, Q. WU, and M. J. Stevens 251Has the Sun Changed Climate? Modeling the Effect of Solar Variability on ClimateMichael E. Schlesinger and Natalia G. Andronova 261Effects of Solar UV Variability on the StratosphereLon L. Hood 283The Effect of Solar Proton Events on Ozone and Other ConstituentsCharles H. Jackman and Richard D. McPeters 305Atmospheric Ionization and Clouds as Links Between Solar Activity and ClimateBrian A. Tinsley and Fangqun Yu 321Impact of Solar EUV, XUV, and X-Ray Variations on Earth1s AtmosphereTim Fuller-Rowell, Stan Solomon, Ray Roble, and Rodney Viereck 341Section 4. Science Requirements and Required Future Measurements 355Science Requirements and Required Future MeasurementsWilliam Sprigg and Judit M. Pap 357