Soils as a Key Component of the Critical Zone 4

Soils and Water Quality

Inbunden, Engelska, 2018

Av Guilhem Bourrié, Guilhem (Academie d'Agriculture de France) Bourrie

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This book provides the most up-to-date knowledge on water in soils and applications for the best use of our water resources. It first addresses the influence of soils on water quality, which is linked to rock weathering, soil formation, acidity and waterlogging. Here, the constituents of soils – such as clay minerals and iron oxides – play a major role. These modifications also have an impact on biogeochemical processes at the global scale, including the carbon cycle and the composition of the atmosphere. Secondly, this book discusses soil salinity, alkalinity and sodification in climates spanning from Mediterranean to arid. Here, water quality results from the concentration of solutes by evaporation and the transpiration of plants. The proper management of irrigation both protects soils against acidification and ensures sustainable agroecological development, while improper management leads to soil degradation and groundwater overexploitation. Lastly, the book describes how excess transfer of phosphorus in lakes results from a cascade of liberation and immobilization in the structure of the surrounding landscape. This leads to a general integrative method to limit eutrophication and restore the quality of water bodies.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2018-11-20
Mått158 x 236 x 18 mm
Vikt499 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor224
FörlagISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781786303486

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Miljöteknik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Foreword ixAndré MariottiIntroduction xiiiGuilhem BourriéChapter 1. Water Quality in Soils 1Guilhem Bourrié, Fabienne Trolard1.1. Elementary weathering reactions 31.2. Weathering as a CO2 sink 41.3. Neoformations 51.3.1. Neoformation reactions 51.3.2. Arenization and pedogenesis 61.4. The weathering rate of rocks 111.4.1. Mass balance of granite weathering 111.4.2. Influence of soil heterogeneity: dilution and dissolution 111.5. Aluminum dynamics in solution 131.5.1. Application of the model of partial charges to the polyacid nature of aluminum 131.5.2. Aluminum hydroxide solubility as a function of pH 131.5.3. Field data 151.5.4. Aluminum condensation 161.6. Formation paths of aluminum hydroxides 161.6.1. The reaction mechanisms of aluminum 161.6.2. Kinetic interpretation 161.6.3. “Amorphous” aluminous gels 181.6.4. Aluminum toxicity 181.6.5. Aluminization of interlayers of clay minerals 191.7. Exchange acidity and lime requirement 191.8. The gibbsite–kaolinite–quartz system 211.8.1. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium 211.8.2. Gibbsite, a ubiquitous minera 231.8.3. The significance of the biogeochemical cycle of silicon 231.9. The dynamics of iron 251.9.1. Iron: the main indicator of hydromorphy 251.9.2. Soil color 281.9.3. Qualitative field tests 281.9.4. rH measurements 301.9.5. Study methods of the iron redox state in soil solution 321.9.6. Study methods of solid constituents in hydromorphic soils 351.9.7. Fougerite: mineralogical structure, composition and stability 381.9.8. Application of the model of partial charges to the determination of the Gibbs free energy of fougerite 411.9.9. Formation paths of iron oxides 411.9.10. Iron dynamics according to aerobiose/anaerobiose variations 421.9.11. Fougerite reactivity: influence on other biogeochemical cycles 511.9.12. Fougerite and the origin of life 551.10. Clay minerals formation 561.10.1. The precursors of clay minerals 561.10.2. The genesis of clay minerals by hydroxide silicification 571.11. Subtractive weathering and pedogenesis 591.11.1. A general subtractive evolution in temperate or tropical environment 591.11.2. The pedological reorganization of matter 591.11.3. The descent of horizons in landscapes 601.11.4. Soils in pedogenesis–erosion–transport–sedimentation cycles 611.12. Bibliography 62Chapter 2. Irrigation, Water and Soil Quality 73.Guilhem Bourrié, Nassira Salhi, Rabia Slimani, Abdelkader Douaoui, Belhadj Hamdi-Aïssa, Gihan Mohammed, Fabienne Trolard2.1. Irrigation and global changes 732.2. The different salinization paths 742.2.1. Alkalinity and the sense of variation of pH 752.2.2. The acid sulfated path 772.2.3. The neutral saline path 782.2.4. The alkaline path 802.3. From irrigation water to groundwater 812.3.1. The salt balance 812.3.2. The coupling of the crop model STICS and the geochemical model Phreeqc 812.3.3. Proton balance and the rhizosphere effect 842.3.4. Simulation of soil–water–plant interactions 892.4. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium in saline soils 1012.5 The use of deep groundwater 1072.6. Sodification and soil degradation 1142.7. Perspectives for irrigation 1192.8. Appendix: relationship between δ18O and log[Cl-] 1202.9. Bibliography 121Chapter 3. The Regulation of Phosphorus Transfer 127Jean-Marcel Dorioz3.1. Introduction 1273.2. Phosphorus in the environment 1293.2.1. The three issues of P 1293.2.2. Principal characteristics of the dynamics of P in the environment 1313.2.3. Biogeochemical control of PO4-P ions in solution and phosphorus cycle 1353.2.4. Binding capacity and bioavailability measurements 1383.2.5. Trophic impacts of external P load 1413.3. Phosphorus cycle in anthropized lands 1443.3.1. (Re)distribution, anthropogenic motion and phosphorus reserves 1443.3.2. Diffuse phosphorus flows and soil usage patterns 1483.4. The role of soils in diffuse transfers at the watershed level 1503.4.1. Constitution of reserves in soil cover 1513.4.2. P load acquisition of surface waters: from soil reserves to hydrochemical flows 1533.4.3. P load attenuation in buffer zones: from hydrochemical flows to buffer zone deposits 1613.5. The watershed as a P transfer system 1753.5.1. Overall functioning 1753.5.2. Spatial and time organization of the transfer system 1783.5.3. Export patterns and states of the system 1783.6. Considerations on diffuse P management 1803.6.1. Is it possible to reasonably overlook diffuse P? 1803.6.2. Controlling agricultural diffuse P transfers 1813.7. Conclusion 1833.8. Bibliography 184List of Authors 189Index 191