Jacques Defourny is professor of third sector economics at HEC Management School, University of Liege (Belgium) where he is also a director of the Centre for Social Economy. He was a founding coordinator (1996-2001) and then the first president (2002-2010) of the EMES European Research Network. His work focuses on comparisons of social enterprise models across the world and on conceptual and quantitative analysis of the third sector both in developed as well as developing countriesLars Hulgård is professor of social entrepreneurship at Roskilde University (RUC), Denmark. He has been the president of the EMES International Research Network since 2010, and is the chair of the research group Social Innovation and Organizational Learning. He is the founder and co-director of the Centre for Social Entrepreneurship and his research interests are on the relation between civil society, the third sector and social entrepreneurship as well as the role of social enterprise in the transition of the welfare stateVictor Pestoff is a professor at the Institute for Civil Society Studies, Ersta Sköndal University College in Stockholm, Sweden. His research focuses on the political impact of third sector organizations and cooperatives and he has published more than a dozen books on such topics. He is also a founding member of the EMES International Research Network

• Introduction to the Social Enterprise Field (Jacques Defourny, Lars Hulgård and Victor Pestoff) Section I: The Dynamics of Social Enterprise and Social Entrepreneurship: Theoretical Foundations 1.From Third Sector to Social Enterprise: A European Research Trajectory (Jacques Defourny) 2.The EMES Approach of social enterprise in a comparative perspective (Jacques Defourny and Marthe Nyssens) 3.Social enterprise and the Third Sector – Innovative service delivery or a non-capitalist economy? (Lars Hulgård) 4.Organizational variety in market economies and the emergent role of socially oriented enterprises (Carlo Borzaga, Sara Depedri and Ermanno Tortia) 5.The social and solidarity economy a theoretical and plural framework (Jean-Louis Laville) 6.Solidarity-based Initiatives: Field realities and analysis (Laurent Gardin) Section II: Social Enterprise, Governance and Policy Issues 7.Major perspectives on governance of social enterprise (Mike Aiken, Chris Cornforth, and Roger Spear) 8.Explaining stakeholder involvement in social enterprise governance through resources and legitimacy (Benjamin Huybrechts, Sybille Mertens, and Julie Rijpens) 9. Multi-stakeholder governance in social enterprise (Isabel Vidal) 10. The associative as governance structure (Bernard Enjolras) 11. European Work integration social enterprises: between social innovation and isomorphism (Marthe Nyssens) 12. Co-production and the Third Sector: the state of the art in research (Taco Brandsen, Victor Pestoff, and Bram Verschuere) 13.Hybridity, Innovation and the Third Sector: the co-production of public services (Victor Pestoff)

‘Defourny and colleagues latest book is an important contribution to our understanding of the origins, growth and prospects for the social economy in Europe. Leading scholars blend established and novel theoretical perspectives with new data to place social enterprise and the third sector at the centre of future research, practice and policy debates.’ – Dr Helen Haugh, Senior Lecturer in Community Enterprise, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK‘Social enterprise has become a key dimension of development within the European third sector in the 21st century. It is both a noun, describing new forms of organization within the sector, and a verb, describing new forms of activity within organizations. The editors have assembled contributors comprising the leading scholars in this new field from across the EU. Drawing on the research co-ordinated by the EMES Network, their contributions explore some of the key theoretical and empirical challenges for third sector development posed by the impact of social enterprise.’ - Pete Alcock, Professor of Social Policy and Administration, Third Sector Research Centre, University of Birmingham, UK‘This timely book locates the EMES approach to social enterprise within the global context, with a particular focus on the governance of social enterprise and the third sector as a means of governance. The book outlines complex concepts clearly and will be of use to a wide range of audiences. Its main contribution is that critics can no longer argue that the social enterprise field is dominated by a lack of rigorous definitions and of conceptual clarity’ - Simon Teasdale, Senior Lecturer, Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK‘This book places social enterprise, too often presented as an isolated, almost miraculous phenomenon, firmly within its political, economic and social context. Full of fresh insight and disruptive thinking, it will be of interest to academics and students alike.’ - Andy Brady, Course Leader, BA in Charity and Social Enterprise Management, Anglia Ruskin University, UK

Jacques Defourny is professor of third sector economics at HEC Management School, University of Liege (Belgium) where he is also a director of the Centre for Social Economy. He was a founding coordinator (1996-2001) and then the first president (2002-2010) of the EMES European Research Network. His work focuses on comparisons of social enterprise models across the world and on conceptual and quantitative analysis of the third sector both in developed as well as developing countriesLars Hulgård is professor of social entrepreneurship at Roskilde University (RUC), Denmark. He has been the president of the EMES International Research Network since 2010, and is the chair of the research group Social Innovation and Organizational Learning. He is the founder and co-director of the Centre for Social Entrepreneurship and his research interests are on the relation between civil society, the third sector and social entrepreneurship as well as the role of social enterprise in the transition of the welfare stateVictor Pestoff is a professor at the Institute for Civil Society Studies, Ersta Sköndal University College in Stockholm, Sweden. His research focuses on the political impact of third sector organizations and cooperatives and he has published more than a dozen books on such topics. He is also a founding member of the EMES International Research Network

• Introduction to the Social Enterprise Field (Jacques Defourny, Lars Hulgård and Victor Pestoff) Section I: The Dynamics of Social Enterprise and Social Entrepreneurship: Theoretical Foundations 1.From Third Sector to Social Enterprise: A European Research Trajectory (Jacques Defourny) 2.The EMES Approach of social enterprise in a comparative perspective (Jacques Defourny and Marthe Nyssens) 3.Social enterprise and the Third Sector – Innovative service delivery or a non-capitalist economy? (Lars Hulgård) 4.Organizational variety in market economies and the emergent role of socially oriented enterprises (Carlo Borzaga, Sara Depedri and Ermanno Tortia) 5.The social and solidarity economy a theoretical and plural framework (Jean-Louis Laville) 6.Solidarity-based Initiatives: Field realities and analysis (Laurent Gardin) Section II: Social Enterprise, Governance and Policy Issues 7.Major perspectives on governance of social enterprise (Mike Aiken, Chris Cornforth, and Roger Spear) 8.Explaining stakeholder involvement in social enterprise governance through resources and legitimacy (Benjamin Huybrechts, Sybille Mertens, and Julie Rijpens) 9. Multi-stakeholder governance in social enterprise (Isabel Vidal) 10. The associative as governance structure (Bernard Enjolras) 11. European Work integration social enterprises: between social innovation and isomorphism (Marthe Nyssens) 12. Co-production and the Third Sector: the state of the art in research (Taco Brandsen, Victor Pestoff, and Bram Verschuere) 13.Hybridity, Innovation and the Third Sector: the co-production of public services (Victor Pestoff)

‘Defourny and colleagues latest book is an important contribution to our understanding of the origins, growth and prospects for the social economy in Europe. Leading scholars blend established and novel theoretical perspectives with new data to place social enterprise and the third sector at the centre of future research, practice and policy debates.’ – Dr Helen Haugh, Senior Lecturer in Community Enterprise, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK‘Social enterprise has become a key dimension of development within the European third sector in the 21st century. It is both a noun, describing new forms of organization within the sector, and a verb, describing new forms of activity within organizations. The editors have assembled contributors comprising the leading scholars in this new field from across the EU. Drawing on the research co-ordinated by the EMES Network, their contributions explore some of the key theoretical and empirical challenges for third sector development posed by the impact of social enterprise.’ - Pete Alcock, Professor of Social Policy and Administration, Third Sector Research Centre, University of Birmingham, UK‘This timely book locates the EMES approach to social enterprise within the global context, with a particular focus on the governance of social enterprise and the third sector as a means of governance. The book outlines complex concepts clearly and will be of use to a wide range of audiences. Its main contribution is that critics can no longer argue that the social enterprise field is dominated by a lack of rigorous definitions and of conceptual clarity’ - Simon Teasdale, Senior Lecturer, Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK‘This book places social enterprise, too often presented as an isolated, almost miraculous phenomenon, firmly within its political, economic and social context. Full of fresh insight and disruptive thinking, it will be of interest to academics and students alike.’ - Andy Brady, Course Leader, BA in Charity and Social Enterprise Management, Anglia Ruskin University, UK

Jacques Defourny is professor of third sector economics at HEC Management School, University of Liege (Belgium) where he is also a director of the Centre for Social Economy. He was a founding coordinator (1996-2001) and then the first president (2002-2010) of the EMES European Research Network. His work focuses on comparisons of social enterprise models across the world and on conceptual and quantitative analysis of the third sector both in developed as well as developing countriesLars Hulgård is professor of social entrepreneurship at Roskilde University (RUC), Denmark. He has been the president of the EMES International Research Network since 2010, and is the chair of the research group Social Innovation and Organizational Learning. He is the founder and co-director of the Centre for Social Entrepreneurship and his research interests are on the relation between civil society, the third sector and social entrepreneurship as well as the role of social enterprise in the transition of the welfare stateVictor Pestoff is a professor at the Institute for Civil Society Studies, Ersta Sköndal University College in Stockholm, Sweden. His research focuses on the political impact of third sector organizations and cooperatives and he has published more than a dozen books on such topics. He is also a founding member of the EMES International Research Network

• Introduction to the Social Enterprise Field (Jacques Defourny, Lars Hulgård and Victor Pestoff) Section I: The Dynamics of Social Enterprise and Social Entrepreneurship: Theoretical Foundations 1.From Third Sector to Social Enterprise: A European Research Trajectory (Jacques Defourny) 2.The EMES Approach of social enterprise in a comparative perspective (Jacques Defourny and Marthe Nyssens) 3.Social enterprise and the Third Sector – Innovative service delivery or a non-capitalist economy? (Lars Hulgård) 4.Organizational variety in market economies and the emergent role of socially oriented enterprises (Carlo Borzaga, Sara Depedri and Ermanno Tortia) 5.The social and solidarity economy a theoretical and plural framework (Jean-Louis Laville) 6.Solidarity-based Initiatives: Field realities and analysis (Laurent Gardin) Section II: Social Enterprise, Governance and Policy Issues 7.Major perspectives on governance of social enterprise (Mike Aiken, Chris Cornforth, and Roger Spear) 8.Explaining stakeholder involvement in social enterprise governance through resources and legitimacy (Benjamin Huybrechts, Sybille Mertens, and Julie Rijpens) 9. Multi-stakeholder governance in social enterprise (Isabel Vidal) 10. The associative as governance structure (Bernard Enjolras) 11. European Work integration social enterprises: between social innovation and isomorphism (Marthe Nyssens) 12. Co-production and the Third Sector: the state of the art in research (Taco Brandsen, Victor Pestoff, and Bram Verschuere) 13.Hybridity, Innovation and the Third Sector: the co-production of public services (Victor Pestoff)

‘Defourny and colleagues latest book is an important contribution to our understanding of the origins, growth and prospects for the social economy in Europe. Leading scholars blend established and novel theoretical perspectives with new data to place social enterprise and the third sector at the centre of future research, practice and policy debates.’ – Dr Helen Haugh, Senior Lecturer in Community Enterprise, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK‘Social enterprise has become a key dimension of development within the European third sector in the 21st century. It is both a noun, describing new forms of organization within the sector, and a verb, describing new forms of activity within organizations. The editors have assembled contributors comprising the leading scholars in this new field from across the EU. Drawing on the research co-ordinated by the EMES Network, their contributions explore some of the key theoretical and empirical challenges for third sector development posed by the impact of social enterprise.’ - Pete Alcock, Professor of Social Policy and Administration, Third Sector Research Centre, University of Birmingham, UK‘This timely book locates the EMES approach to social enterprise within the global context, with a particular focus on the governance of social enterprise and the third sector as a means of governance. The book outlines complex concepts clearly and will be of use to a wide range of audiences. Its main contribution is that critics can no longer argue that the social enterprise field is dominated by a lack of rigorous definitions and of conceptual clarity’ - Simon Teasdale, Senior Lecturer, Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK‘This book places social enterprise, too often presented as an isolated, almost miraculous phenomenon, firmly within its political, economic and social context. Full of fresh insight and disruptive thinking, it will be of interest to academics and students alike.’ - Andy Brady, Course Leader, BA in Charity and Social Enterprise Management, Anglia Ruskin University, UK